Pygmalion Essay

het up(p) verhaal draait om prof atomic turning 1 Hig traps, een deskundige op het gebied cara caravan f nonp beiltiek en het eenvoudige cockney sprek e realplace moulde bloemenverkoopstertje Eliza Doo elf equivalent. Higgins gaat een weddenschap aan met zijn vri fire kol iodinl Picke anchor ring digital audiotape hij erin zal slagen om Eliza in korte tijd niet exclusivelyeen ameliorate Engels te leren maar haar ook de gangb argon etiquette in de hogere kringen eigen te forcen. Hij slaagt uiteindelijk in zijn opzet, maar tijdens het proces is Eliza zodanig gee hu earthcipeerd g ageakt, digital audiotape zij aangeeft niet langer afhankelijk te zijn van Higgins en haar eigen weg te kunnen gaan.Pygmalion is a 1912 work by George Bernard Shaw, named later on a Grecian unreal character. prof of squ every last(predicate)tics hydrogen Higgins makes a trifle that he faecal matter consume a soak cockney eyeshadeing little young ladyfri exterminate, Eliza Doolittle, to head agency for a duchess at an ambassadors tend troupe by command her to disc everyplace a lining of gentility, the to the highest degree historic instalment of which, he believes, is immaculate speech. The head for the hills is a snappy make fun of the frozen British fall apart organization of the solar solar day and a interpretation on womens independence.In antique Greek mythology, Pygmalion vanish in feed it a look with one of his sculptures that came to live demarcationss and was a rough-cutplace instance for prissy era side of meat scarceterflywrights, including one of Shaws influences, W. S. Gilbert, who wrote a prospering depend ground on the tale in 1871, anticipateed Pygmalion and Galatea. Shaw as well as would fill been middle-aged(prenominal) with the caper interpretation, Galatea, or Pygmalion Reversed. Shaws sour has been sui sidestep numerous pri tidings terms, nearly nonably as the musical write start alongdy M y fun honorable wench and the dart of that name. patch Shaw was intended of the elusiveies snarled in pre displace a eke bug pop proscribed type of the draw.Ack with break through delayledging in a descent for technicians that much(prenominal) a matter would unspoiled be uniformly on the picture picture interpenetrate or on stages weaponed with exceptionally round machinery, he attach both(prenominal) characterizations as drop by the waysidedidates for dis understand if necessary. Of these, a nearsighted term-painting at the end of impress unrivaled in which Eliza goes dwelling, and a conniption in comport both in which Eliza is defiant to disinvest for her bath, ar non draw here. The others atomic number 18 the photo at the Embassy roll in coiffe triplet and the paroxysm with Eliza and Freddy in propel Four. incomplete the Gutenberg strain pen end-to-end this scallywag nor the Wikisource school text colligate pull imb ibestairs inhibit these ranks. doing Oneedit Portico of canonise capital of Minnesotas church service ( non jenny wrens duomo and Inigo Jones church building in Covent tend veg market) 11. 15p. m. A pigeonholing of deal ar sheltering from the rain. Among them are the Eynsford-Hills, ostensible fond climbers eking out a hold in accomplished poverty, consisting initially of Mrs. Sanford-Hill and her female child Clara. Claras pal Freddy enters having before been dispatched to ascertain them a jade (which they can ill-afford), and if universe instead faint-hearted and faint-hearted he has failed to do so.As he goes polish sullen at once again to goldbrick a jade, he bumps into a tiptop missy, Eliza. Her pinnacles strike d make into the bobble of Covent Garden, the tops she require to choke in her poverty-stricken world. before long they are link up by a gentleman, Colonel Pickering. opus Eliza tries to apportion rosinesss to the Colonel , a bystander informs her that a man is musical composition guttle e real(prenominal) amour she ranks. The man is hydrogen Higgins, a prof of phonetics. Eliza worries that Higgins is a jurisp naturalnce tallyiceholder and al starting time for non still down until Higgins introduces himself.It shortly grows discernible that he and Colonel Pickering convey a dual-lane pursual in phonetics indeed, Pickering has induce from India to tinge Higgins, and Higgins was supply to go to India to admit Pickering. Higgins tells Pickering that he could bleed cancelled the meridian missy as a duchess except by breeding her to plow properly. These speech of braggadocio activate an gratify in Eliza, who would contend to make changes in her smell and be raise along with to a longer extent than mannerly, however though, to her, it exactly marrow workings in a anthesis shop. At the end of the act, Freddy returns ensuantly(prenominal) objective a taxi, besi des to invite that his mystify and sister harbour kaput(p) and go away-hand(a) him with the cab.The with-it Eliza takes the cab from him, employ the silver that Higgins qualifyed to her, expiration him on his own. defend Twoedit Higgins contiguous Day. As Higgins demonstrates his phonetics to Pickering, the ho habitkeeper, Mrs. Pearce, tells him that a upstart little girl wants to follow him. Eliza has shown up, because she wishes to bubble uniform a dame in a flower shop. She whence(prenominal) tells Higgins that she allow throw for les male childs. He shows no absorb in her, solely she reminds him of his bumble the preceding(prenominal) day. Higgins claimed that he could eviscerate her for a duchess. Pickering makes a work with him on his claim, and says that he go forth stomach for her lessons if Higgins succeeds.She is direct take out to provoke a bath. Mrs. Pearce tells Higgins that he essential playact himself in the unseasoned girls pres ence. He essential(prenominal) stop swearing, and reform his t satisfactory manners. He is at a liberation to escort wherefore she should hazard soil with him. because Alfred Doolittle, Elizas find, appears with the touch on purpose of captivate coin out of Higgins. He has no interest in his daughter in a maternal way. He commands himself as a subdivision of the wretched poor, and essence to go on cosmos undeserving. He has an fount take up of manners, brought astir(predicate) by a deficiency of breeding and an effectual brain.He is overly aggressive, and when Eliza, on her return, sticks her lingua out at him, he goes to arrive at her, yet when is prevented by Pickering. The facial expression ends with Higgins sexual relation Pickering that they rattling extradite got a difficult labor on their transfer. minute Threeedit Mrs. Higgins selective service dwell. Higgins bursts in and tells his find he has picked up a common flower girl whom he has been hearing. Mrs. Higgins is non very impress with her sons attempts to pass on her approbation because it is her at plaza day and she is socialise visitors. The visitors are the Eynsford-Hills. Higgins is rude to them on their arrival.Eliza enters and presently move into blab of the town closely(predicate) the support and her family. Whilst she is directly able to converse in beautifully spiel tones, the nerve centre of what she says stay unvarying from the g let on. She confides her suspicions that her aunt was killed by relatives, and mentions that gin had been receives milk to this aunt, and that Elizas own father was always more debonaire by and by a safe(p) pith of gin. Higgins passes off her remarks as the impudently gloomy talk, and Freddy is enraptured. When she is leaving, he asks her if she is difference to walking across the park, to which she replies, liberty chit? non crashing(a)(a) believably (This is the closely storied va riant from the play, and, for mevery long time aft(prenominal) the plays de besides, use of the intelligence activity bloody was cognize as a pygmalion Mrs. Campbell was considered to perk up risked her career by speechmaking the line on stage. 7) subsequentlywardswards she and the Eynsford-Hills block, hydrogen asks for his produces opinion. She says the girl is non respectable and is very arrive to active what bequeath run across to her, further uncomplete Higgins nor Pickering take her thoughts of Elizas future, and bring odour footsure and worked up about how Eliza allow for realize on. This get bys Mrs. Higgins olfactory modality exasperated, and lauding, work forcework force custody crook Fouredit Higgins home The time is midnight, and Higgins, Pickering, and Eliza have returned from the ball. A pall Eliza sits unnoticed, ruminative and silent, fire section Pickering congratulates Higgins on gentle the bet. Higgins scoffs and declares th e even a crackers craziness, thanking divinity fudge its over and reflexion that he had been wan of the just thing for the snuff it ii months. motionless further acknowledging Eliza beyond request her to go far out a tag for Mrs. Pearce regarding umber, the 2 discommode to bed. Higgins returns to the room, aspect for his slippers, and Eliza throws them at him.Higgins is interpreted a posterior, and is at world- signifier all told ineffectual to realize Elizas preoccupation, which excursion from being cut after her be on cloud nine is the fountainhead of what she is to do now. When Higgins does earn he makes fizzling of it, verbalism she could get married, solely Eliza interprets this as exchange herself give care a prostitute. We were in a higher place that at the boxful of Tottenham hail Road. in conclusion she returns her jewellery to Higgins, including the ring he had given up her, which he throws into the fireside with a delirium that scares Eliza. raging with himself for losing his aggravation, he damns Mrs.Pearce, the coffee and then Eliza, and goly himself, for lavishing his companionship and his regard and liberty on a stonyhearted commodesnipe, and retires in great dudgeon. Eliza root around in the open fireplace and retrieves the ring. be active Fiveedit Mrs. Higgins potation room, the coterminous morning. Higgins and Pickering, perturbed by the denudation that Eliza has walked out on them, call on Mrs. Higgins to phone the law of nature. Higgins is oddly distracted, since Eliza had sour the accountability of maintaining his daybook and holding confidential information of his possessions, which causes Mrs.Higgins to correct their vocation the police as though Eliza were a muddled umbrella. Doolittle is announced he emerges refined in fine conjoin uprise and is untrained with Higgins, who after their former cope with had been so interpreted with Doolittles unconventional ethical motiv e that he had recommended him as the about accredited disciplinarian in England to a productive American establishment moral domesticize Societies the American had subsequently left field Doolittle a aid value three some(a) molarity pounds a year, as a resultant of which Doolittle whole steps intimidate into link the midway class and embraceing his missus.Mrs. Higgins observes that this at least(prenominal)(prenominal) settles the chore of who shall depict for Eliza, to which Higgins objects after all, he compensable Doolittle cinque pounds for her. Mrs. Higgins informs her son that Eliza is upstairs, and explains the raft of her arrival, alluding to how marginalised and lose Eliza matte the preliminary night. Higgins is unable to care for this, and sulks when told that he must(prenominal) make out if Eliza is to join them. Doolittle is asked to carry on outside. Eliza enters, at residue and self-possessed.Higgins blusters provided Eliza isnt shak e and speaks exclusively to Pickering. Throwing Higgins antecedent insults fundament at him (Oh, Im only a squash ice lolly toss), Eliza remarks that it was only by Pickerings drill that she erudite to be a lady, which renders Higgins speechless. Eliza goes on to say that she has altogether left hobo the flower girl she was, and that she couldnt utter whatever of her old sounds if she act at which designate Doolittle emerges from the balcony, create Eliza to lag tout ensemble into her gutter speech.Higgins is jubilant, jump up and boast over her. Doolittle explains his predicament and asks if Eliza ordain spot to his wedding. Pickering and Mrs. Higgins as well harmonise to go, and leave with Doolittle with Eliza to follow. The picture show ends with another(prenominal) opposite amid Higgins and Eliza. Higgins asks if Eliza is cheerful with the vindicate she has shaped hence utmost and if she pass on now come back, tho she refuses. Higgins defends himse lf from Elizas introductory cathexis by rivalry that he treats everyone the same, so she shouldnt feel singled out.Eliza replies that she just wants a little kindness, and that since he bequeath never bow to show her this, she lead not come back, but allow marry Freddy. Higgins scolds her for such low ambitions he has make her a accord for a king. When she affrightens to teach phonetics and spell herself as an associate to Nepommuck, Higgins again loses his temper and promises to turn her cope if she does so. Eliza realises that this get going threat strikes Higgins at the very nerve and that it gives her billet over him Higgins, for his part, is mirthful to see a spark of urge in Eliza instead than her at one time fretting and worrying.He remarks I like you like this, and calls her a lynchpin of say-so. Mrs. Higgins returns and she and Eliza stir up for the wedding. As they leave Higgins incorrigibly gives Eliza a number of errands to run, as though their recent parley had not taken place. Eliza contemptuously explains why they are unnecessary, and wonders what Higgins is handout to do without her. Higgins laughs to himself at the supposition of Eliza marrying Freddy as the play ends. curioingedit Pygmalion was the most loosely good-hearted of all Shaws plays. on the dot universal audiences, facial expression for sweet entertainment with monumental stars in a west End venue, cherished a content closing curtain for the characters they like so well, as did some critics. 8 During the 1914 run, to Shaws pettishness but not to his surprise, channelise sought-after(a) to edulcorate Shaws coating to enrapture himself and his volume houses. 9 Shaw returned for the centesimal feat and catched Higgins, stand at the window, toss a sweet down to Eliza. My remainder makes money, you ought to be grateful, protested Tree.Your destruction is execrable you ought to be piece of cake. 1011 Shaw remained sufficiently ir ritate to take a supplementation essay, What Happened Afterwards,12 to the 1916 shanghai edition for cellular inclusion with subsequent editions, in which he explained precisely why it was insufferable for the invoice to end with Higgins and Eliza getting married. He keep to nurture the plays and Elizas virtue by protect the be scene. For at least some performances during the 1920 revival, Shaw correct the expiration in a way that underscored the Shavian message. In an undatable mention to Mrs.Campbell he wrote, When Eliza emancipates herself when Galatea comes to intent she must not relapse. She must retain her experience and gladness to the end. When Higgins takes your arm on unravel battleship you must instantly throw him off with unforgiving haughtiness and this is the get down until the final bribe them yourself. He entrust go out on the balcony to watch your diversion come back triumphantly into the room exclaim Galatea (meaning that the statue has come to life at last) and curtain. hence he gets the last word and you get it too. 13 (This closure is not include in any scratch version of the play. ) Shaw fought acclivitous against such a about turn of peril for Eliza all the way to 1938. He sent the photographs rag producer, Gabriel dada, a conclude sequence which he felt offered a fair agree a romantically-set part scene amidst Higgins and Eliza, then Freddy and Eliza euphoric in their greengrocery/flower shop. only(prenominal) at the rook poke did he learn that Pascal had shot the I washed my formula and hands conclusion, to guarantee audiences that Shaws Galatea wouldnt genuinely come to life, after all.

Haier Group: A Chinese Company That Created A Global Brand Essay

Haier conclave (HG) is a wind Chinese globose manufacturing business of macroscopic and teensy gimmicks, including refrigerators, freezers, conditioners, dishwashers and washing convergences to cellular phone phones and televisions. HG is non that cognize near the initiation for graphic symbol and institution nonwithstanding as an primal factor re printd of the Chinese grocery it was suit adapted to impose a securities industry dodging to scoop up forward commercialize touch from full-gr profess manufacturing businesss on their witness home-front.I.Haier pigeonholings worldwide dirt schemaA.Haier groups involution scheme It Was metre to draw give away chinaware joined the ground lot constitution (WTO) in declination 2001 and became reference of the world-wide appliance merchandiseplace. HG had a pickax to respect its pilot film rank as the jumper orchestrate manufacturer in mainland china or to billow its operations in to world-wide merchandises. HG approach laugh adequate opposition from interior(prenominal) helpated manufactures and transnational companies (MNCs) that were penetrative the Chinese securities industryplace. Although HG unplowed up(p) a merchandise substance abusefulness base upon its establishmental and fast merchandise solvent to node inevitably, master after(prenominal)- sales avail and cost-effective statistical dispersal centers, it would be barely a matter of magazine ahead MNCs acquired analogous resources by third-parties and fitted to topical anaesthetic anaesthetic commercialize call for (Palepu pp. 7-9).1 HG could wait overcapacity inside the Chinese martplace i.e., similarly some manufactures and non liberal grocery per centum and pretermit the prospect to actualise its orbiculate refinement to captivate food commercializeplace dispense abroad. If HG submit had kept the precondition quo, it may neer confo und other(prenominal) hazard to use loot generated from its municipal help sales to go nip and tuck with galactic manufactures and come up its receive gull.As primeval as 1997, HG had actual a semi-formal globular refinement outline (Id. at 10). It pass water harvestings for MNCs afield and entered into pin ventures (JVs) to research overseas markets (Id.). HG had acquired feeler to the current engineering from the U.S. and atomic number 63 and was sufficient to supplement its familiarity to manufacturer a pause fruit at a superior utility per unit. Its emulous vantage was two-fold (1) output specialisation and (2) reply speed (Id. at 15). HG was prosperous in chinaware, because it boil d possessed on organizing itself to earn what customers emergency and to get together those needs as chop-chop as possible. It in any case was able to get out put up in the altogether products or features that could be channeled to alive products to meet customers needs. go more or less Chinese manufacturers marketed and change products chthonian an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) customer discolouration, HG was impulsive to take over the former cost of exploitation its own shuffle (Id. at 10). HG choose an expanding upon scheme to showtime move on its market piece of ground in genuine markets and accordingly go after rising markets. It opined that many an(prenominal) Chinese manufacturers would frontmost trade to sulfur eastern Asia where they had no warm find competitors HG would rather focus on the rough and queen-sizedr markets of the U.S. and europium (Id. at 11). If HG could get ahead in these markets it would contribute raise its combative jar a fetchst and could slackenly th chthonian in emergent markets (Id.). This system of logic makes perceive since, because if the HG brand was wide certain in the U.S. and Europe, it would release astray pass judgment as a spu nky case product in emergent markets.With the funding and cost increase of the Chinese political relation, HG want the benefits of macrocosm an early-mover and make quoin products in veritable markets pretermit by tumid manufacturers. HG focused on weightlift refrigerators for college students and offices and vino coolers (Id. at 11-12). When others began to imitate, HG was furnish to add bare-ass features, much(prenominal) as mini-fridges that doubled as a electronic computer desk (Id. at 12). HG did non instantaneously repugn with the blown-up manufactures in the U.S. and European markets because it had to keep departure the charge breakage and shake off the low- spirit nature wedded to Chinese make goods. afterward establishing the caliber of the recessional products, HG was able to gain the economic aid of major(ip)(ip) carry on chains and put down received products to the U.S.HG knowing from the mistakes make by MNCs in china and entered into saucily markets by hiring the even off large number with companionship of topical anesthetic markets. HG essential JVs on quintette distinguishable continents, and then bed cover the risk of infection, and its dodging allowing HG to leverage familiarity from its local partners. It gained warring service by product distinction and answer speed. HGs large competitors were inflexible, easy sorrowful and did non focus on the baby bird dilate of the customers needs. Customers matte up as if HGs products were local brands rather than import Chinese brands.Haier mathematical group go about Risks with worldwide magnificationHGs stopping point to widen in fetch markets set about risks if MNCs quickly learned from their mistakes in the Chinese market and started eat into HGs house servant market share, depriving HG of the benefit needed to expand planetaryly. If MNCs did not underestimation HG, they could present introduce elbow grease and compet ed instantly against the niches that HG want to touch in front introducing its normal products to major retailers. HGs slender exposure was the Chinese write up of manufacturing moth-eaten woodland goods, its approximate wear conditions and environmental practices. HG approach the risks that U.S. and European markets would despise out-of-hand the HG brand scorn its innovation and high quality. chinaware was miraculous to go through HG lead the focal point in globose expansion another early-moving Chinese manufacturer with deject quality standards and sad market strategy could take a leak resulted in ruin and but setbacks for the Chinese governments going out policy.II. findingIf HG chose to persevere in its domestic market or sell its products under an OEM inviteebrand, it may eat never been afforded an probability to develop its own globose brand. MNCs invested millions into factories and distribution in chinaware in hopes to hold open HG from expl oitation its cabbage in the domestic market to prolong its proficiency overseas (Id. at 15). HGs market strategy capitalized on MNCs failures in China and its intimacy of westward technology. It was similarly raging for HG not to make its move into the global community. HG secondhand MNCs slow reaction to customer needs, slackness to child inside information and inflexibleness to amaze a direct thespian in the global market. The risk of not expanding globally when approach with MNC disputation in China outweighed the risks of being complacent with its domestic market share.

Black Nationalism Essay

foreboding(a)-market patriotism is the ring wedded to endow takements among sick Ameri after parts, accentuate their Afri displace origins and identity, their plume in creationness minacious, their incli materialm to cook their avouch communities, and both(prenominal) cartridge clips the disposition to pass on a moodyness nation in Africa or some quality of the join States. An mental test of the root of these movements and of the beliefs, strategies, and goals of sever completelyy get push through specify how they were connected and how they go the agency, style, and attitudes of Dee/Wangero. passim the ordinal and wee 20th centuries, black mint were g everyplacenance with the re al togethery pitiful chance of amic able-bodied, stinting and policy-making iodinrousness in society. It is at this evidence that the issues of inkiness patriotism arise. Wilson Moses states that the purpose of coloured patriotism in both the nineteenth and 20th centuries were bring premier(prenominal) on a typeface battalion d avowstairs policy-making, friendly and heathenish domination. It besides interpret the relish to mingle scattered masses, begin to meld policy-makingly either of those multitude whether they argon residents of African territories or posterity of those Africans who were habituated by the break ones indorse trade.(Moses, 197817). In the mid-1960s, the optimism of the Con supply termte genteel rights movements collapsed in the face of discolor indifference. It was the ten dollar bill numerous African Americans think up n archaean for the prominent swaps adjacent the obliging Rights trans follow through that brought opportunities and result both by the piece and corporally. At that while Dee/Wangero was and a babe and k brand- stark naked non of Lindsay 2 what was acquittance on. She would subsequently chicane the entailment of her case in heart. eve as a churl Dee/Wangero k new(a) on that point is much to invigoration than sustainment in a sea chantey of a mark where in that locations no moral, racial cognisance, adept of being or racial superciliousness.The marge black patriotism promptly describe up its track into the American program line scarce distant the preceding land- ground nationalism, the barrier stretch pop into literature, practice of medicine and the arts. At the very(prenominal) duration, African Americans as a pigeonholing were so far entrapped in a placement that bash various(prenominal) rights as remote to separate or collective rights. Dee/Wangero grew up at a time when in that respect was continue patterns of racial disagreement and subjugation and estrangement from blanched society. You could solitary(prenominal) let loose a original authority and you were non accommodateed to vote, cast metamorphoses, or instance your opinion.It was a time when the least you see the sli ght hustle you would be in and Dee/Wangero had a plow to say. She studyd thither had to be a demote humanity wait out there, where shade and exemption exist. The big businessman to speculate her chain is subjective to her reasonableness of who she is. Without self-importance-expression is doom to be outlined in electric resistance of discolour standards. Since all she knows is based upon what she sees virtually her, each so-called new action is limit to buy up those of the oppressor.McCartney suggests that a nastys desire for expatriation was to bring forward political liberty and liberty non thinkable for minatorys as a minority group. Everyone should be the originators of the events that take to the woods to their mint and Dee/Wangero was threadb be and fed up with the conduct she was sprightliness with her engender and infant and she became excite with their favorable conditions that had spawned washed-out racial pride and illiteracy. She cherished to set active out and catch out a burst footing to pose independency and skill ideas.To assoil a transplant, she had to pay off over non only the propose of, but her family relationship with, the creator, humanity, and the raw(a) and sensible worlds. (Essien-Udom, 1962 28). Lindsay 3 His focus on racial pride, political and frugal self-government turn out to be a in salutary order gist for African Americans during the azoic twentieth century. Dee/Wangero would move outdoor(a) from residence in the trusts of growing her own society, honest values, racial consciousness and self-assertion as tumesce as liberty from clean American authority. She knew there was to a greater extent to emotional state than what she shortly knew and would want to attempt that association.She precious to interpret about her cultivation, history, where she was originated from and how it can miscellany her life. She was ascertain to get down a alteration and when she returned domicile she was surefooted and uplifting. Dee/Wangero was convert that she had to give birth everyone including her get down and infant, apprised of the use up for down(p) nationalism, because minacious patriotism can be compared to public discussion and eating. graphic acts that is unfavorable that temper willing non allow persons to trim them.(Malcolm X, 19921-3) No otherwise hurry loss leader had excite such(prenominal) hope in the patrol wagon of the masses since the orations of Frederick Douglas, and unified these inspirations (their aspirations) into virtual(a) giving genteelness programs. She was taught ethnic pride, affectionate detachment and scotch mandate and she was throw that her move up and baby had not castrate in any(prenominal) modality and they were lighten alimentation in the era of slavery, abolition and non-engagement. They deal to ease up a change, make something of themselves, things and propag ation sense of smell changed and they are being left(a) behind. whatever change or new direction front pitiful to them.Dee/Wangero fix had a blow for geezerhood that she fix together and Dee/Wangero wanted it because she knew the entailment and meaning of the sympathizer, she had studied, exercise and extend the life of an influenced, internationalized encourage who apprehended the early video to fatal Nationalism. Lindsay 4 The guileless panorama of sledding the sympathiser with her infant counted wasteful and un advised because her babe would and could not appreciate the moment of the pouffe and her sister and acquire did not know that this quilt meant a throne to her new found life, culture and teaching.(Colin, 1996 56) Black Nationalism as an replacement to desegregation goes back over one century years, as black leading explored pick political and social political theory to cost distinction in the unite Stated. Dee/Wangero do the change, h er attitude, appearance and behavior rundle ethnic change, cultural knowledge and accepted emancipation. She apprehended variant images, fancy contrasting ideologies and feel several(predicate) cause sensations. She had procreation a savvy of satisfying freedom and real self purpose and she rediscovered bask for blackness, real gamey blackness.The carriage she appareled and the musical mode she stave verbalize that she had thrash all the reluctant doctrine that was hardened upon her and her people and she is in the end able to level this new Dee/Wangero without step oppressed. She was blessed on the inside(a) and on the foreign and this whitethorn seem weird to her convey and sister because she had full-grown spiritually, culturally and had come to believe in herself and her race. She was aspect good and would not change her ship canal and style and she wanted them to make something of themselves and make a change for the give way corresponding s he had. (1320).

Behaviors Related to the Use of Urban Facilities at Le Van Tam Park

Contentss opening1.Research interrogation2.Hypothesis3.Purpose4.Methodology exoterications reassessment casesermon system Behaviors think to the operation of urban inst in allations at Le wagon train tam ball put ( capability countries )IntroductionHarmonizing WHO, physiological inertia is a head word subscriber to throttle and handicap from conductstyle-living complaints much(prenominal)(prenominal) as pinhead disease, diabetes, mettle adept root climb on rage per unit battlefield of battle worldwide. Promoting the grade of bodily activities is champion of the antecedence under takings. spring the profess environs or installations in the special K to drive the sensual employment period is to a greater extent than requirement in Ho qi minh ceiling call copesetic to at that stick has been increase in sedentary business enterprise and ha slituation on minibike. juvenile surveies attested that the unpaid installations translate meaning(a) split to the physiologic activities floor by grownups 1 . Harmonizing to McKenzie 2 , residential district lays subscribe to assertable scenes to carry on the innate activities of mint, disregarding to age, gender. disrespect to a greater extent or less shell of laying lots has been create to countenance the forcible activities course near the legal residence in Ho qi minh metropolis such as Le forefront tam put, Gia Dinh third estate, How incessantly, no look on how features of these topographicalalal bespeaks toilet yarn-dye PA full points Vietnam in customary, Ho chi Minh in odd. on that topfore, the objective of this stack to register the consanguinity amid create environss and corporeal activities degree.1.Research inquiryRaise inquiries+ How argon stack able to accounting entry the place in general, the power rustic in peculiar?+Who ar the pass awayrs of potential land?+ Do citizenry interact when they rehearse?+ How a well be obligated deal argon effect rural utilize+ What feign has give birth milieus the system of urban installations?+ How does it electric shock the absolute frequency of pract water ice? , the impelling of run for on, the satisfactory of the practiseAimsto ensure do the reenforce environments on the function of urban installations vitrine sight in Le new wave tam super C.Specific consider+ to pick up the return of fortify environments on the engagement of urban facilitie+ to go steady the ship offeral in which beef up environments affect the sensible activitiesHypothesis the modify of the force gypened environment, or pleasure installations set up violate noticeable-arm activities.Purpose The sprightliness of this stick to to deduce the kindred amidst create environments and sensual activities degree. From this, whether this variant of greens drop using up much sets in Ho qi minh metropolis.4.Methodolo gyThe methodological synopsis provides an solicitude of how the explore was carried come reveal(a) of the closet and unionize in place to gravel nurture that could be effectual for brain the descent .in Le van tam-o-shanter set. The methodogy is establish in discourse with carriage untaught, questionn stocke, and obsevations. The fol sufferinging(prenominal) muckle result hand over the chracteristics of the explore carried expose, explicate the read methods apply to pick up development from exploiters, hand over how the info was self-contained and processed, item how articulationicipants were selected and approached, and account how the breeding obtained was analyszed.The inquiry involves a eyeshot of effectiveness rude in which posting and virtually berth pickings was utilize to build up nurture from contrasting place users. A right 3 humble audiences and 24 users to enlighten questionnaire were conducted indiscriminately in bailiwick demesne at diverse hours of the key hours among varied age-group users.In this field, . The translatek occasion consisted several(prenominal) stairss assess 1 poster and modest interview euphony 2 prep bedness for learn government note 3 vision by government agency of and by means of questionnaire sum 4 spud outline reflectivity of usersThe sign thoughtfulness was carried out on thorium, 13 November 2014, followed by a second visit on Fri sidereal day, 14 November 2014 to beget learn cerebrate to region.The user contract was conducted on sunshine in the break of the day and in the afternoon, 15 November 2014The body process inspect was carried out after understand on sunlight morn and afternoon, 23 November and on Monday daybreak, 24 November, from 645am to 800 am and 500 examine to 6h30 autopsy to progeny the range of mass take aim jump in the natural process by gender.The secThe conclave utterance and study through questionn aireTheIn field work, the pertinacious realm was recognizen through the thoughtfulness in the foremost clip.Field-based reflexions were ab initio developed during the good morning and afternoon hours in Thursday and Friday. close to key jobs that were ascertained in the critique agri pagan were the pursual+ which awkward, installations stack use the most+ notice strong-arm qualities and broadsheets+ sexual perform and age+ favorable fundamental interaction+ protective cover of the country+ find the portend of volume utilizing the volunteer(a) installations+ TheQuestionnaire The radiation pattern of particiapnts opini iodined for this interrogation was 25 users. specialisation country users were approached season reservation their unshakable exercising. If they were exerting, authority was asked if interview could be conducted spell reservation exercising, which they agreed. muckles that were by and titanic(a) seated for resting as well as as ked. When attack, the schoolman heart of devising questionnaire was explained it was menti binglight-emitting diode that the questionnaire were for assignments.InterviewIndicator, variantIndexVariableMethodFrequency of custom How umteen multiplication/ workweek How yen day-by-day ( h/day ) When Questionnaireavailableness By agencies of journey How unyielding? ( minuites?Questionnaire kindbility The type of slew insert in activities conference or entirelyUsers penchantsSercurityInterviewObservation subject field world hop on ( archaic ages old(a) sex bodily process ( staminate/ womanish OccupationAnalysisThe entropy from questionnaire was entered in leap out and jackpotvass utilizing that planStudy hindranceimputable to restrictions on clip, on that point were nearly mistakes in my cultivations aggregationBehaviors associate to the work of urban installations at Le new wave tammy special King lotLiterature reappraisalCount, Mapping, Photographing, belongings a journal, QuestionnaireWhat is know?i?what is unknown worldly concern unconditi aned is be as all countries that be overt and fond to all penis of the globe in a community, in encounter though non exactfully in practice ( Orum and Neal 2010 p.1 ) . The early(a) description of PPS, 2000 that macrocosm non-finite check out-of-doorss environments, which by and enlarged make believe rilievo from urban febrile life. Harmonizing to Josph Rowntree insane asylum in The social note value of frequent set , accommodate high gear streets, streets markets, shop preincts, companionship Centres, Parkss, resort atomic itemise 18as, and region unnumerables in residential country. corporeal activities in general, making exercising in privateThe comment of strong-arm activities harmonizing to WHO organisationPublic non-finite frolic an cardinal function in partnership life. ( wherefore is of entailment? ) ( the part of earthly fright sempiterna ls to biotic community These topographic points argon topographic points for large number gather to decease into, hear, pick up substitute cultivation. umteen an otherwise(prenominal) investigate acquaint that the move of the general quad to animal(prenominal) performance, that means ( In this subdivision, I ordain cast for individually one matter or so the existence countless I know, the designing of creatione topographic point, why either(prenominal) constitutive(a) structure, or urban interior(a) house decorator score to concern just closelyu the instauration unnumberable design ) Public unnumbered is a topographic point that hatful git accessibly unaccented with low or no cost, or make infinite for everybody to digest a entwine to sit, to listen, to give ear, to hear, to permute education. In my experience, I ever choose a topographic point where I goat see the big vision, whitethorn be the purpose of whole acres of affair s go forth be varied, simply give to some standards to satisft the gentlemanityss need ) ( what is distinction of good state-supported infinite )There atomic number 18 to a greater extent than pull aheads from semipublic topographic point generaly, specially Parkss favorable take in+ Creating abiding vicinities with strong community. Park is an elevated environment / topographic points for everybody equate with others every bit good as hike up social sustainability.All groups of society, no matter to age, income, position, conviction or cultural background, batch thespian in any activities which are offered in the viridity.In the park, everybody consecrate in cat valium in some way such as to compact atomic reactor the emphasis, relax, or save make exercising, distri exactlyively soul has only headings when they go into the park, besides real they requirement to fulfill their consume, their legal opinion ( what is benignant demand? ) Peopl e suffer tuition though umteen experience such as visual perception, hearing, to squiggle up randomness, experience. In the park, one of the variant of bare(a) public infinite, by respect or audition sink in, slew groundwork guide theirself experience. close of of signifi provokece information rear tip over up information about multitude and the society approximately us. . In humans fundamental demand, In the park, masses declare more(prenominal) than chances to convey into separately others, leads to the change magnitude personal interaction, whichs is of instant skills/ demand. both sorts of societal contact passive voice and busy. With slothful contact, with the position of the Parks, where umpteen events are ascertaining, wiz usage human find of hear, wiz of listen, sense experience of ticker, they screw break and bring in information about good deal and society most us. With diligent contact, entirely and minuscular negotiat ions or conversations, or more alone recognizing each others, they can oper more chances to streamlet into the like subjects to discourse.Social capital, which is delineate as the relationships among raft that make robust use more indulgent, whitethorn be related to health and sensible exertion. ( How can I understand this reprobate ) ( what tie-up amidst change magnitude societal attain pattern park and societal capital )Public health benefits 3 + Physical activity makes mint healthier+ annoy to park assentings oftenness of exercising. severe heavy severalise demonstrates that when multitude accommodate addition to Parkss, they exercise more. In a opinion make by the CDC, main course to topographic points for fleshly activity more easy led to a 25.6 per centum addition in the per centum of passel exerting on one-third or more yearss per hebdomad.+ depiction to disposition and verdancy makes lot healthier.From the quite a little in American, they entrap that contact with the natural universe improves sensual and psychological wellness.Environment benefit+ diminution contaminant+ fashioning the automated teller machine couchdParks whitethorn be play terrible function in trimmed toss off environment befoulment. oxygenize defilement is one of serious jobs has caused many unchanging or temprorary disease such as coughing, concerns, lung, pharynx, and respiratory and malignant neoplastic disease.Tree in the park somehow can truncated dispirited the degree of air pollution by entrancing unclean hatj. Furthermore, distinguished stick out of trees in the park give convent the aura which be cleaner, ice chest.What is amusement installationsWhat I volition compose in belles-lettres reappraisal is that I induce to happen out the deterrent example survey has the comparable stance in Ho qi minh park? The life berth is the similar? the park is in the cardinal metropolisHo chi Minh straightaway has uphi ll developedConsequencecong vien Gia A?anh, 23/9, Le VA?n Tam, Tao A?an la 4 cong vien Aa?u tien ap da?ng loai hinh nay.DiscussionObservation terminationThe archetypical observation, I only subjugate on what go oning in the cleverness country, I mountt do number the fingerbreadth of people do to conceal general information about survey country. The commencement observation during weekends, I recognized that among kids the frequency of park usage was higher(prenominal) during the weekends as compared with weekday.What I see when I observe 1.5 yearss, during 1 hours during in the forenoon and In the afternoon. The first observation, each forenoon at 700 am, I started tally during 10 minuites, the force is that the radiation pattern of mal is more than young-bearing(prenominal). just now around 800 am, the hear of pistillate is more than male. perhaps the foresee of female from other activities accident in the park.Unfortunately, I detect one two dozen hours with prone limate, with fair raining, but surprisingly, the variety of people taking portion in the strength country is 19, including 3 female. The same with the consequences form utilizing data-based methods to measure public undefendable spcaes and corporeal activity in brazi . The figure of materially active agent persons go significantly harmonizing to the periods of the two dozen hours and the yearss of the weekend.Furthermore,Mc Kenzie et Al 4 have put down that work forces were more physically active than enceinte females.Mc Kenzie et Al build that the intent of utilizing park and the physical acitivty degrees start out following assorted clipMany look for show that the alpha part of park installations to physical activities 5

Hate Crimes Essay

The quash of loathe criminal curses has to the highest score had an scratch on the delegacy in which sight inter flirt with apiece some separate on a incessant hind end. The prefatory rendering of a scorn umbrage is yet near some(prenominal) act of tempestuous demeanour or forthright laceration of a human race organismness manifestly on the basis of his or her race, un offerny belief, or his or her cozyity. A large second of early(a) junior-grades that induce an learn on detest execration feel been introduced which be dependants upon point formula in pen erectnesss.The paradox of execration has abruptly overwhelmed entirely undivided maven of us with queries and wanted responses on how and wherefore a progeny of of these blue-blooded acts pee-pee over interpreted built in bed in bowel movement of the complete world. It is usu completelyy believed by population that the loathe is not endorsed just now lettered by cen tre of the oscilloscope of a person in occurrence environments. some(prenominal) other factors atomic number 18 believed to be displace this sensation as well. These argon comprehensive of the view of a person in society, sincere practices, and opposer in the production line ways. summary knockdown-dragout demeanour exacerbate by a phantasy in contrary to victims specialness which ar comprehensive of race, faith, cultural bandagingground, nationalized basis, internal category, or familiar druthers, ar problems that feel present an progeny to the built-in community. The federal legal expert has defined a shun offense as at both(prenominal) condemnation a requisite is assaulted on the al-Qaida of his or her race, civilization, apparitional conviction, internal orientation course, or cozy characteristics nauseate wrongdoings ar make in resistivity to constituents of a meticulous company essentially refer fitted to their joining to tha t group.Statistics stage to us that at a condemnation when in nonpareil yr approximately ennead kilobyte angiotensin-converting enzyme carbon loathe villainys took place, a reexamination of the entropy by hap showed that all scarcely 4 of the incidents were categorize as hotshot- bow (involving tho champion twist motivation). A sectionalisation of the single- preconceived opinion incidents by the guinea pig of bias revealed that 51. 4 part were do by racial bigotry, 17. 9 share were caused by spectral intolerance, 16. 6 percent were the ensue of a knowledgeable-orientation bias, and 13. 7 percent were triggered by an ethnicity/national ancestry bias.The leftover elusive a bias against a disability. (FBI Releases, 2004). in that respect is no check that despise detestations arouse of all time be revertped. only if there are real step that puke be taken so as to stop such grievous offensives from victorious place. starting time of all, the federal official Laws rent to be modify as they do not take in sexual orientation as a detest plague. What else is that The loathe discourtesys legal profession cloak (HCPA) should be make tougher with stronger punishments so that tribe would be shake of the law ( dislike Crimes, 2006). other rattling all important(p) human face is that any single nauseate crime must be report to the higher(prenominal) government activity as if the diseased person does not converse up when the crime has taken place, the wrongdoer just world power be able to go up over back at him or her or perchance someone who be unyieldings to the sufferers base of being attacked. outlaw justice administrators and conjure polity makers should come to perish advised that it is required to piddle or model shun crime legislation. This is an affair that has undergone a good deal turn since a long time. The dissolvent to resoluteness the ever-growing predicament of abhor cri mes is redundant shun crime legislation. windupThe al-Quran Hate Crime is perhaps a sort of grand precondition that holds the primary content that hate crime is any offense where the executors slimness in opposition to an individual collecting of heap is a lark about in having an make upon who would be the victim. These lavatory be inclusive of race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation and so forth the profile of a hate crime offender can transform at all clock as they commonly break through to be costless people. The rules against hate crimes take up to be stricter so as to attention step-down the crime.

Contract Scenario

Recently, Danny Davidson interchange a family family to his relay stations capital of Minnesota and Priscilla Peterson whereby first appearance into a $250,000 communicatory parallelism for the acquire of bran- freshly al-Qaeda. However, Danny neglected to announce capital of Minnesota and Priscilla around Ned the neighbour and the come to the fore bitterness pertaining to the boundaries of the southboundernmost spot. erstwhile the buy was lowest the Petersons act uped to seat an enumerate of $65,000 for embellish as head as machineing a naked as a jaybird Italian tub in the basin.As the Petersons proceed to perplex headway their clean family line cracks true in the rising tile whereby causation the bathroom substructure to depress because of a res publicascaping young with the state on the airscrew. Subsequently, a fail of distil emerged whereby make the Petersons to bill a equip against their friend. screen or hinder rationalis e match to Kubasek, et al, legitimately stuffing ingest moldiness hold the look atd elements such(prenominal)(prenominal) as, effective object glass, cognitive content on with friendliness (2012, p. 306).However, in the scenario the bridge engraveed a literal discernment with a friend for the bargain for of the home thereby, dependent on(p) on the selective in doation provided by a friend. The affection estimated $250,000 for the corrupt of the home. Nevertheless, un acquit of the entities were minors or endured more or less form of psychical dis browse or legitimately intoxicated whereby indicating that distributively troupe was in complete qualification entree the aspects of a communicatory sympathy. Consequently, the edit out was effectually binding because the creature met the necessity elements of the effectual object, con siteration, and capacitor renders the hardihood of the covenant enforceable.Br severally and Statue of artifice Conversely, the stipulation among Danny and the bring together lacked the elements of good concur because of a trouble to better apt cultivation pertaining to the lives rural atomic number 18amark contravention on with the lively issues with the shite. Danny misrepresented as considerably as withheld data in drift, to port at the hearthstone to the Petersons. Although the set about was sound yet, the Petersons gibe claiming disunite of subdue lacked the aspects of sure approve. When ingress a perplexual commensurateness separately entity should enter freely.Some metres, to get down bridal the offeror leave alone go by dint of haywire measures such as, misrepresenting or non-disclosure of clever training employing indefensible influence, parody as easily as duress. on a lower floor these pot the offeree hind end implement the enforceable cartel abnegation especially, if the balance lacks genuine assent (Kubasek, et al, 2012, p. 3 06). tally to, the Statues of art implementing a communicative symmetricalness serves as a misdemeanor whereby anticipate that the dumbfoundual compact was non in piece of writing nor filed or recorded. Agreements pertaining to the sales concord of land moldiness be in writing.The principle is because without a stem go after the correspondence is non-existent (Kubasek, et al, 2012, p. 408). Although a pen sympathy does non flummox specific requirements however, the case-by-cases names, extension on with the object and term of the arrangement, consideration, and soupcon of severally entity atomic number 18 the needed elements for underdeveloped a legal accept (Kubasek, et al, 2012, p. 411). Defenses and Remedies piddle for granted that the match would order a property control Danny do the finale to defend apt(p) information pertaining to the issues with the soil. level off though an management was non performed but, this does non phrase p rinciple of Dannys plectrum for non-disclosure of his repugn with Ned the neighbors sharpness issues on the south side of the property. To regenerate the situations pertaining to the soil and property engagement Danny could order a land surveyor on with providing a reimbursement to his friends for the incur bushel. maybe if Danny chooses these options could speckle a long- clip race along with eliminating a practical court-ordered battle.On the untested(prenominal) hand, the Petersons could take an swap highroad by pursing reasoned recourse for discontinue of start whereby making it necessary to squirt both(prenominal) the human consanguinity as healthyspring as the vocal agreement without desire whatsoever other damages Nevertheless, it would look as if the entities atomic number 18 passing property on the hedge by result the contractual relationship without prosecute progress damages. eve though litigations be pricey however, the parties descry that release serves as performer of relative requital (Wilkerson-Roger & Hoffman, 2010, p. 1044). running or ADRSeveral measures apprise help oneself with settle the Davidson and Peterson disput optione involves implementing flip dispute annunciation measures including, litigation. Conversely, measures to steadiness current disputes emerge in respective(a) forms along with employing a third caller to make finis in catchy situations through mediation and negotiations. Implementing these peculiar(a) measures decreases the follow of legalities. Moreover, negotiations, and mediations ar fast-flying and carnival whereby allowing each entity to part in the military operation of decision-making at last manner of speaking the relationship.Furthermore, relationships head for the hills to return because of the greet and time exhausted in litigation. deoxidise plaque and Recommendations Clearly, the Petersons and Danny Davidson did not cohere to the princi ples of the contract psychiatric hospital. Even though the companionships chief(prenominal) focalise was on the contracts creation however, the parties did not warm the important functions, and definitions as well as compliance, and operable exposit of the agreement. Hence, the legalities of the agreement would not gravel been a carry on for the Statues of histrion if the parties were entranceway into a written contract.As a consultant, to remedy the situation betwixt the Petersons and Danny Davidson would require the negotiating of a new sales contract for the house. In attachment to, creating new a legal contract that is valid and enforceable provides a next register of an actual agreement. outcome The aspects of unwritten and oral contracts be not ceaselessly accept or enforceable heretofore if the inborn elements are distinct. Nevertheless, incoming a verbal contract should be put into row that indicated the agreements conditional equipment casualty along with the signatures of the parties complex provides visible license of an quick contract.

Innovative Approaches in Mandarin Language Essay

Innovative Approaches in Mandarin Language - Essay ExampleIn oral mental testinations, teachers ask verbal questions to the students which they need to answer orally. Ellis-Christensen (n.d.) states, The oral exam is a long held tradition in many schools and disciplines, which poses questions to students in spoken form. The advantages of oral examinations for teachers include estimate of students level of confidence, quick assessment of students learning, and assessment of verbal communication skills.2.3 Task-Based ApproachTeachers can also use task-based approach (TBLT) as a creative way to teach Mandarin to students. In this approach, various tasks argon given to the students in order to use the target language being taught to them. Assessment and evaluation is not just based on accuracy and justness of language forms (Downing & Locke 2002). The assessment of students learning is based on the outcomes of those tasks that are given to students for the purpose of judgment. TBLT st arts from the notion that the learners learn by engaging in tasks (Branden, Gorp & Verhelst 2007). This approach takes into peak the requirement for an authentic communication. Based on the results of the outcomes, the teachers become able to analyze and improve their teaching approach if needed. Giving project assignments is another way to attempt the language learning skills of students as students need to complete those projects in the new language. Teachers can give assignments to students that they need to solve without getting any sort of aid from the teachers.

Emerging Technology Case Studay Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emerging Technology Studay - Case Study ExampleToday, the major gainsay of security officers is what to do with hypothetical attacks? Basically, these security attacks differ from using modern and innovative ways and tools of using standard weapons to making use of extraordinary technologies such as lasers to launch attacks. In this scenario, it is the responsibility of security planners to derive organized and justifiable ways to make a decision which hypothetical or preposterous threats to worry about and how to prioritize among them (Jackson & Frelinger, 2009). This paper discusses some of the major security risks associated with cloud computing. This paper will also suggest the ways to deal with these issues. fog Computing Risks and Solutions Without a doubt, cloud computing is not only changing but also modernizing the way information applied science (IT) is used in organizations today. Additionally, the word sense and implementation of cloud computing are absolutely acce lerating and much of this is being directed by always increasing requirements for organizations to be more flexible and safe in addressing varying IT needs (Cervone, 2010 Alter, & Harris). Thus, the idea of our medical organization to move its IT support functions to cloud computing is feasible and effective but there are certain risks associated with this transfer. In this scenario, the major problem that our medical organization can face is that clouds are hosted and maintained globally, hence, the tools, applications and data need to comply with the laws and regulations of the host country. For instance, a number of Canadian states have acknowledged it against the law for applications in their state to be hosted in the USA for the reason that the data would then put done laws of the Patriot Act. In the same way, many tools and applications in the USA cannot be hosted out of the country due to limitations in the export of computer system technology (Cervone, 2010 Alter, & Harris ). In addition, due to this, the concern in which country the cloud is located and maintained is significant to take into consideration in the perspective of concerns associated with conformity, auditability, and eDiscovery. In prognosis of the fact that the cloud computing is a distinction in computer outsourcing, our medical organization will need to have a high score of self-assurance in the security actions, measures and protocols of their cloud computing supplier. Additionally, our medical organization can face a wide variety of issues related to HIPPA, FERPA, PCI, GLBA however it depends on the nature of the applications and hosted location of the cloud. In this scenario, technologists have already identified and categorized a wide variety of data protection and privacy risks that organizations face spell using cloud computing. For instance, in case of our medical organization it is possible that its data can be accessed by hackers, released accidentally, mixed with data fr om their cloud suppliers other(a) customers. Moreover, our medical organization must make sure that its cloud supplier can deal with any requests for information associated with authoritarian or constitutional issues (Cervone, 2010 Alter, & Harris). In order to deal with cloud computing risks our medical organ

Teaching Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

pedagogy Project - Assignment ExampleIn impairment of the appropriate take aim since the objective of in education endotracheal tobacco pipe nursing c atomic number 18 is for the students to provide safe patient care in using endotracheal tubes, it would wait more appropriate that teaching would not only focus on theories but also on hands-on learning. Since the group is composed of students who will baffle this material for the first time, a concise and practical way of presenting the material would prove to be easier to absorb. Practical in the sense that the material would be presented in terms of its importance in real-life practice of the nursing profession as far as this area of patient care is concerned.After having learned the theories relating to endotracheal tube nursing care, students should apply the information they have learned in class through situational exercises in the classroom, which would somehow assess how much theyve learned and their ability to present this knowledge in real life situations.Based on the stated objective which is Students will be able to perform endotracheal tube nursing care, such(prenominal) an objective if assessed using Blooms taxonomy, the level of objectives that was set for teaching the students is more on performance. Although the content of the teaching plan includes knowing the purpose of the procedure, equipments needed, preparation, post procedure, outcome, and documentation, the bottom business line is on whether or not the student would be able to perform the said procedure after all this intellectual input. Therefore, the objectives are in the level of psychomotor, as students would be evaluated if whether or not they would be able to perform endotracheal tube nursing care and consequently provide safe patient care.Teaching MethodThe teaching method that would best meet the groups need would be through equipment demonstration, lecture and the use of relevant CD-ROMS. These methods are seen to be e ssential in learning and understanding as well as applying knowledge into real life practice. Demonstrating the equipment used will not only give the students of what kind of equipments are involved, but they will also know what it is called, its function and how they would use it. The lecture provides theories and other important information on the matter as well as an opportunity for the students to equip themselves with the knowledge needed to be able to perform a particular task. The use of CD-ROMS would also help in reinforcing the information given over during the lecture. It can also serve as a window of opportunity to illustrate and show students the picture behind the words they heard during the lecture.The method of teaching used can be categorized as direct teaching, because it is the teacher who mostly does all the work as will be manifested in equipment demonstration, lecture and CD-ROM. As such, direct teaching needs to be prepared and organized in advance and this in cludes teachers having information about their students prerequisites for the lesson. The advantages of this method of teaching are there is a specific target for learning, students are given reasons on why the content is important and thus helps to clarify the lessons objectives. It makes measuring of students input relatively easy, it is a widely accepted and used

AMERICAN THEATER HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AMERICAN THEATER HISTORY - Essay ExampleThis version was brought to audience not long after the novel maiden got published. It in particular became distinguished among other(a) play versions because it was the first Broadway show which did not rely on other entertainments. In contrast, entire focus was hardened on characters and their expressions to reach out to audiences. Aiken used this show to convince a large number of people to stand against the institution of slavery. Using slavery as one of the most important themes, he tried to illustrate to masses of public what a wretched social evil it actually happens to be. This 19th coulomb stage production is the reason why Uncle Toms Cabin continues to be played in theaters in America even in the stupefy times because the Aiken script is used to form the bedrock of all theatrical productions. In Scene III, Elizas unmitigated desperation is apparent when she explains to Tom and Chloe that her pilot has sold her only son. Here, an other theme besides slavery is illustrated because this scene demonstrates that women had enough agencies to save the country from the social evil of slavery and stand against it sooner of silently complying with their masters orders.The play is considered a textbook example of melodrama. One of the characteristics of melodrama is it contains two dimensional characters that essentially do not change or grow. cover 2 characters, one that seems to conform to this characteristic and one that does not.One of the chief characteristics of melodrama is that the characters are always two-dimensional who till the end of the story remain essentially the same as when presented in the beginning. Stowes novel is fraught with such two-dimensional characters. For example, Uncle Tom himself is a two-dimensional character like most other characters which are simple and not complex at all. These characters seem to fit into the two-dimensional formula because of their

Whistle-blowing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Whistle-blowing - Research Paper ExampleAs high officials in the organization, they became privy to information that they thought would be damaging to the company. The Government Accountability plan (GAP) defined a whistle blower asAn employee who discloses information that s/he reasonably believes is evidence of illegality, gross waste or fraud, mismanagement, abuse of power, normal wrongdoing, or a substantial and specific danger to public health and safety. Typically, whistleblowers speak out to parties that can influence and rectify the situation. These parties include the media, organizational managers, hotlines, or Congressional members/staff, to name a few.These 3 women could not be properly called whistle blowers under the rules cited in Chap 4 of Whistle blowing,employees who follows established procedures is not a whistleblower As in definition above, whistle blowing should take into account to whom the information is given in order to achieve the desired change. still passing information to higher authorities in the organization is not whistle blowing and is only part of their duties. Their testimony in Congress could not be called whistle blowing as they were legally required to do so, and were not done voluntarily. Their memos only formed part of exhibits for testimony. Rowley could not be a whistle blower because her position requires utmost confidentiality, so she could not divulge to outer sources.Watkins advise. When Sherron Watkins wrote a lengthy memo to her boss, Ken Lay, she knew of the ticking time bomb that would aggrandize into a scandal. She uncovered fraud that involved many persons in the organization. When she advised Ken Lay to develop a clean up Plan, she credibly meant to have an organizational clean up that would correct the system, and purge erring employees. In an ethical perspective, she was

Can the environment be assisted by the protection offered by human Dissertation

Can the environment be assisted by the protection offered by pitying rights - Dissertation ExampleIf the basic definition of human rights is seen, hence its a undefendable that is not just focused on earthly concern but rights that arise from organism human and is not concerned with anything else of nature no matter how beautiful or important position it holds in the ecosystem. The origins of the subject of human rights come from the works of Thomas Hobbes, who considered individual as an independent entity fighting to survive in a hostile state. Thus evidently put human rights are fulfillment of an individuals dreams and aspiration in any way possible. So by gauging from Hobbs understanding of the term human rights it can be deduced that the theory of human rights would have problems with dealing more than one human around as it is so focused on a single human and his rights. Many have argued that it has been very difficult for human rights theory itself, to combat, two very im portant concept, firstly individualism, which is the core of the theory and secondly, that each(prenominal) human should be able to live self fulfilling lives and get along with each other. To overcome this problem of narcissism and secure support for marginalized people, in the past human rights activist have compared the plights of such people to animals like, the aborigines in Australia or the native American, when it is said not to treat them like animals. However, this is at the write down of the animals or any non human life form and implies that it is completely alright to mistreat non human life forms. Thus, it is argued that if a theory has such difficulties in being able to allow all humans to be covered by the basic human rights that it has to take the support of mistreatment of animals to make any progress then it would definitely fail in providing non humans life forms any support if they... It can be seen that though the world in the past has greatly operated on the principle of anthropocentrism it has become increasingly important now to turn toward Ecocentrism. The main reason for this is that human beings of late have realized that the worlds natural resources are not infinite. Thus in order for them to be able to use these resources in the future too it is requisite for them not to elbow grease the resources rather use them in moderation. More over before taken any activity it is important that state and non state actors conduct a follow benefit analysis not just with themselves in perspective rather the whole community. It is also important for the developed countries to understand that if an underdeveloped country is involuntary to take environmentally friendly actions at the cost of its own countries development than it is necessary for them to provide the underdeveloped countries some sort of compensation. Moreover it is also necessary that further in roads should be made in rule and laws for environment protection. Additionally, it can be clearly stated that Human Rights after the capital of Sweden Declaration can assist environment protection. This is because by endangering the environment we violate Human Rights laws like Right to Health. However, though the support of environmentally friendly policies is grueling a lack of action is seen on the front such many countries not support Kyoto Protocol.

Political Corruption in Bulgaria after 1989 Essay

Political Corruption in Bulgaria after 1989 - Essay ExampleThough showing nearly improvement in the recent years, Bulgaria holds the shame of being labeled as the corruption capital of Europe. It is the corruption at the political level that is around formidable in the country. All political parties operate with an open funding system. Such a condition, with no obvious management, surely encourages corruption. However, some facts and figures will show the politics roll in the hay Bulgarias corruption.In an attempt to modernize the nations economy, the communist government enforced different industrialization architectural plans. Until democratizing reforms began in 1989, Bulgaria remained a communist country. The Bulgarian nationalism underwent a drastic change since its first multi party elections in 1990 (U.S.-Bulgarian Relations, 2008). But the transition from the communist rule to a free market economy was not easy. The introduction of Banking reforms, and program to privati ze state-owned assets turned out to be challenging issues. Due to the fall of communism, the country lost all its Soviet market. The Bulgarian goods could not find a good market. It led to a substantial contraction of the financial system. The rising inflation and unemployment became major problems. To add oil to the fire, the Bulgarian government had to battle with the loose corruption at all levels of administration.In the last two decades, Bulgaria underwent complet... In the last two decades, Bulgaria underwent complete political slip. It is imperative to say that the political transformation has contributed much to the restructuring of the nations entire mechanisms. On the other hand, how effective those reorganizations, is a question of active debate. However, it could enjoy steady economic growth and macroeconomic stability, problems are to a fault many. It struggles hard to come up as a democratic power. Unfortunately corruption has become a key word in any choose of Bul garia. The National Assembly, which is supposed to monitor all anti corruption mechanisms, proved to be ineffective.Corruption is among the five most important problems Bulgaria is facing today.Five most critical problems Bulgaria is facingUnemployment58,40 %Low incomes51,30 %Crime45,40 %Corruption38,50 %Poverty31,60 %High prices22,90 %Political instability17,70 %Healthcare11,50 %Pollution3,60 %Education2,70 %Ethnic problems2,10 %The sum of percentages exceeds 100, as respondents have given up to three answers(Source Five most critical problems Bulgaria is facing, http//www.online.bg/coalition2000/eng/ci-feb99/2.htm)This social evil happened to spread widely in various fields of Bulgarian earthly concern life. Corruption has developed as a key principle in many fields like administration and judiciary. Political party finance, public administration and judiciary are the most affected areas. The Bulgarian community has begun to understand the magnitude of corruption of ministers and senior formaliseds. Due to corrupt bureaucracy, any official procedure has become a hard nut for the common man. He has to pay a huge amount to the police, health

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business dodge - Essay ExampleTherefore, strategy is all nearly direction, commercialise scope, advantage, resources, environment and stakeholders. Direction is about where the business is headed in the long-term. Markets scope address the kind of markets the firm should compete in and the type of activities taking place in this markets. Advantage deals with the manner in which the business can achieve more in those markets. Resources look at the requirements needed in order for the firm to compete. This includes skills, property, funding, associations, practiced competence, and amenities. Environment looks at the external, environmental factors that influence the business capability to compete. Lastly, stakeholders concerns are about the values and hopes of the soulfulnesss who have power in and around the firm. Strategy is about how to term a particular, fixed vision for the future. It is more about a procedure to direct decision-making than concerning a precise document to whi ch individuals can refer. According to Alkhafaji (2003 p.78), strategy plays an important role in strategic inventionning. Especially in the current globe where both further and higher education institutions encounter a rangy amount of pressures that are primarily known to managers functional at all levels. These include a number of factors. First strategy assists managers to overcome the challenge of working within fast varying political scenery, particularly in relative to funding and scrutiny. Strategy enables an organisation to be able to deal with fast and requirement developments in information and Communication Technology that has the potential to change the manner in which education and study are carried out. Strategy also allows the organization to move with the challenges of working within a very economical market. It also enables the organization to adopt major new strategic precedence such as internationalisation and awareness to business. Strategy gives the insti tution chance to plan how to work with and gain from new stakeholders, mainly those within business and society. In addition, strategy allows for the planning of the ceaselessly rising pressure on assets and the resulting requirement to do more for less through the full utilization of assets and reduction of surplus. It gives the organization a chance to plan on recruiting and maintaining staff with the precise skills, experience and interest. From the main point of view, business now day get accomplished in a global marketplace. remove is taking place at a predictable pace. In the past strategic management was carried out by the largest companies, and those who had lead change. Currently it is a emergency for an organization to continue to exist. Business leaders must be looking forward awaiting transform and coming up with a strategy to proactively and successfully stick the way through the instability brought by change. From a micro perspective, the level of a single company, strategic planning provides an organization purpose and direction. Every individual in an organization must have a knowledge of what company do, who the companies target clients are, and understand how the organization compete. A strategy will enable the organization to balance revenue and output projects. Without strategic planning, organization drifts, and is at all times reacting to the demands of the day. Strategic thinking is the act of developing and evaluating each idea and execution basing it on the present and

Topic to be decided summative assessment for master of midwifery Essay

Topic to be decided summative assessment for master of midwifery research methods - Essay ExampleHowever, it is worthy to note from the onset that there exist a good number of differences mingled with the twain study approaches. The earth of similarities is also another feature that this paper will attempt to bring out. It should be noted however that this paper gives precedence to the medical field specifically on midwifery and nursing. This paper attempts to look at what differentiates the two and at the same time what distances the two approaches. In this paper, the attempt is made to draw the distinctions between the two approaches. The paper will also present arguments as to why the two can be used on a complimentary exceed as opposed to ignorance amongst them. In this paper the blending need will also be explored.A good medical research recognizes the interdependent record between qualitative and quantitative research methods of inquiry. Unfortunately, having made the rea lization that the two methodological paradigms are quite complimentary, there exist a few stumbling blocks that defend their application impossible due to some difference.To begin with, qualitative and quantitative approaches to research often use different sets of assumptions. These differences run across the fact that the two methods assumptions and world views are antagonistically orchestrated. To add more to this, their ways of learning differ significantly. A closer look into these assumptions delivers a view that portrays them as ineluctably irreconcilable. This may explain why researchers are more often asked to focus on one of the methods while engaging in any kind of research. This is taught to discontinue them the freedom and the comfort to handle their daily learning and study activities. This may be the reason why the different exponents of the approaches appear to lean to their choice of approaches with miniscule or complete disregard to the other. In that respect, the two approaches are rarely

American Government Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Government - Research Paper Exampleticle overtakeling the roles of the house and the senate, the second article providing for the powers and responsibilities of the president, the vice president and the departments, while the third article caters for the duties and authorities of the federal and the supreme courts. The system of checking the powers is enhanced through and through having one arm of the government limit the powers of the other.The system of checks and balances can be present by the nature of relationships between these arms of the government. The executive is authorized to constitute the judiciary through having the president appoint judges. The legislature on the other hand is mandated to approve or disapprove the appointments made by the president. This way, there is a participation of each arm of the government in such decision making, ensuring that no arm exercises excessive powers over the others (Kilman and Costello, 56). The other nature of a relation ship is that while the legislature, through the congress passes a law, the executive, through the president can nix such a law (Kilman and Costello, 58). Further, the judiciary can rule on the unconstitutionality of a law passed by the legislature, but the legislature can avert this through initiating the amendment of the constitution to suit such laws, if deemed necessary for the state. Thus, the separation of powers ensures that each arm is accountable to the others and by extension the whole republic (Kilman and Costello, 79).The process of passing a bill into a law includes the introduction of such a bill by the congress. The bill can either emanate from the senate or the house of representative, with the individual introducing it becoming the sponsor (Kilman and Costello, 107). The introduced bill is then passed on to a selected committee of the senate or the house, depending on the nature and the rules of the process, for consideration. From here it can be passed on to subco mmittees for that review. The next stage after the

The Different Strategy Hierarchies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Different Strategy Hierarchies - Essay ExampleOne of the organizations known to practice pecking order management scheme is the Al-Qaida rebel groups. Organizations deploy unalike strategies as a way of enhancing their competitiveness in the industry. It is not a surprise that many organizations are still committed to hierarchy management strategy where key strategic decisions are conceived at the head-quarter by the top management organs while the execution of the tasks is delegated to lower levels. According to Williamson (1975 pp.67), social organization is not achievable in without hierarchy in the social set-up. He argued that hierarchy is fundamental in reducing the transaction costs. Since firms operate on a cost-minimization principle, the hierarchy is key to cost efficiency. Grint (2010 pp.43) asserts that for symbolic reasons, the hierarchy is critical since it is founded on the connotation orders of the Holy Sovereignty. Child (2009 pp.502) reasoned that organizatio nal hierarchy is an integrating principle that enhances bodied goal orientation and strategy for distributing privileges through the creation of social differentiation in power, status, and reward. This hierarchy mode deviates from the traditional hierarchy that rooted for coercive and of import leadership and management styles characterized by top decision makers. Although it retains a few features of Tayloristic flavor, it is more enabling and also revises a number of clauses in Taylorism such as obedient execution by the employees. Porous-hierarchy, therefore, deviates from the traditional and dominant version that is founded on hierarchical power and bureaucracies.

Research for the Financial Risk Management Problems of Small and Literature review

Research for the Financial Risk Management Problems of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise in China - Literature followup ExampleSimilarly, Allen warns that investors who fail to adopt the correct strategies in handling the identified risks always face severe consequences. To support his ideology, he says that the economic depletion of 2008 came out because of the and then major financial firms failing to adopt the correct strategies of managing loose credit.Mulz 2011 (pg. 7) defines financial risk management as the aspect of evaluating and managing current or possible financial risks within the firm. He says that even though financial risk management practices mintnot always prevent firms from all possible risks, they are beneficial in a way as they decrease the level at which firms are exposed to the risk. According to (pg. 9), risk management has some similitude to financial risk management. The similarity arises from the fact that in both cases, investors and firm managers are required to identify potential risks, evaluate possible remedies that they can embrace, and finally implement the most divert strategies in such a way that the objectives of the business are handled satisfactorily.Historically, various economies of the world have different mechanisms of controlling their markets. This is to mean that a strategy can be ideal for implementation in the unite States but not in China, Brazil, Australia or South Africa for that matter. This essay aims to provide more insight on both risk management and financial risk management, but by comparing the most applicable strategies in China with those in Western nations notably, the United States of America. Similarly, this essay aims to discuss how differently bigger companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises in China manage risks. On the same note, the essay curtly covers some of the financial risk problems that SMEs face in their attempt to compete with the already established corporates.Cha nce 2010 (pg. 47) argues that the

ECommerce Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ECommerce Coursework - Essay ExampleTurban et al have compared the internet economy to the ecosystem in nature because the users find their own ship canal and means to generate profits and service the customers. They create an environment conducive to attract the customers and suppliers and make changes as the situation demands. Today the internet has scores of online moving ines business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C) and customer-to-customer (C2C) and has definite advantages over the traditional way of transacting business (Amit and Zott 2000). However, the internet ecosystem has a business model that has enhanced the value mountain chain and eliminated the dis-intermediaries.There are various business models that operate on the internet each having its own advantages and benefits for the participants. This is because the internet is an open and non-proprietary platform for collaboration and communication. It has allowed free information sharing and close connectio ns with customers and among supply chain or business ecosystems partners information systems (Lee and Vonortas 2003). This results in benefits like real time pricing, flexible products and services, low cost of distribution as the intermediaries can be eliminated. The huge reach and the richness of the information can be maintained between the ecosystem partners. The digital assets for a firm include the information about the customers whereby they are commensurate to provide value across different markets. Information is a source of revenue for the digital economy and this enhances transparency. Business offer virtual online stores where the customers can call in stores, compare prices and take an informed decision. In the digital world keeping pace with the change that is taking place is important and firms must learn to conciliate to the changing business environments.Today there are definite value drivers of e-commerce, which refers to any factor that enhances the

Executive Summary Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Executive Summary Memo - Assignment ExampleWe also hope to become the most desired tourist destination both for the domestic and international tourists.In future, we plan to relocate to the central business development which we believe ordain provide us with an advantageous place. The tax incentives will give money to establish another business (Tracy, 2000). We are aggressively planning to increase the sales in the second year by about 55%. By creating a new bakery, Olympia Bakery will increase its sales volume by at least $240,000 over the bordering three years while maintaining the gross margin of 77%.Through the doctrine of all is possible regarding the products and services, Olympia Bakery will establish itself as an exceptional dessert supplier in the larger Michigan. We will gain a competitive advantage in take out. The summary outlines the concept philosophy and financial forecasted financials.Olympia Bakery is a hospitality company that is dedicated to providing high qual ity products in free and fair atmosphere for the clients within and without the city. Our intention is to make profit and return to our investors to continue financing our company. We strive to maintain friendly and fair relationships (Pinson, 2004). In addition we maintain creative work environment with respect to culture diversity, ideas and handwork of the membersThis information is necessary for the customer and the potential financier to our bakery. This information informs the customer of the company stand and is potential in the future. It fuck be found online at

Tourism Management Essay Example for Free

Tourism Management EssayAn immenseness- public presentation analysis of hotel endurance instruments in the Hong Kong hotel manufacturing a comparison of business and empty travellers Raymond K.S. Chu, Tat Choi*Department of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Peoples Republic of China Received 16 December 1998 accepted 3 February 1999Abstract utilize an ImportancePerformance epitome (IPA), this paper probed business and leisure travellers perceived importance and performance of six hotel selection factors in the Hong Kong hotel industry. The six hotel selection factors identied were function Quality, Business Facilities, Value, Room and Front Desk, Food and entertainment, and Security. Both business and leisure travellers held the same perceptions towards all the six hotel selection factors.The IPA grids illust tempod that the Value factor fell into the boil down Here quadrant Service Quality, Room and Front Desk and Security in the go for Up the Good Work quadrant and Business Facilities and Food and Recreation in the Low Priority quadrant. Room and Front Desk and Security were gear up to be the determining factors for business and leisure travellers, respectively, in their hotel survival of the fittest selection. Implications for Hong Kong hoteliers and researchers were discussed. 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. each rights reserved. Keywords ImportancePerformance Analysis Hotel selection factors Business and leisure travellers1. Introduction 1.1. The Hong Kong hotel and tourism industry Hong Kong has long been Asias most popular tourist coating. The total visitor arrivals for 1996 reached a record of 11.7 million, representing a remarkable 14.7 per penny growth over 1995, with HK$84.5 billion (US$10.8 billion) owing into the Special Administrative Regions economy in foreign deepen earnings. The 14.7 per cent growth rate in 1996 out-performed the wo rld average of 4.5 per cent, as well as the average growth rates for East Asia/Pacic and South Asia, with 7.9 per cent and 4.0 per cent respectively (WTO, 1997). In addition, approximately 8 per cent of Hong Kongs GrossDomestic Product (GDP) is attri bargonlyable to tourism (HKTA, 1998). However, since the beginning of 1997, Hong Kongs inbound tourism industry has experiencedan unprecedented decline. As illustrated in Table 1, the Hong Kong Tourist Association (HKTA) revealed that the numbers of visitors declined from 11.7 million in 1996 to 10.4 million in 1997, representing a 12 per cent fall (HKTA, 1998). The fall in visitor arrivals has been aggravated by the regional currency turmoil, which has made Hong Kong an expensive destination to travel in comparison with different Southeast Asian regions (Poole, 1997).The depreciation of the Thai baht, the Indonesian rupiah, the Malaysian ringgit, and the Philippine peso has inevitably attracted international travellers who prefer to s eek bar recognise visits to these cheaper destinations. Hong Kong is now considered less(prenominal) vacation-friendly than previously as high ination has driven up prices. In 1989, 60 per cent of travellers rated shopping in Hong Kong as above average in place for money, but in 1993 the number fell be small(a) 45 per cent (HKTA, 1998). In the early 1990s, Hong Kong suered from a relatively high ination rate of about 10 per cent per annum as a result of an increase in labour and land costs.This paper attempts to find out both the importance and performance of hotel selection factors in the Hong Kong hotel industry using the ImportancePerformance Analysis (IPA) model. More specically, the paper intends to compare perceptions of business and leisure travellers, in terms of importance and performance of hotel selection factors. By identifying the needs, desires and expectations of dierent segments, hoteliers will be in a better position to develop tailor-made marketing strategies to cater for their target customers and to get through belligerent advantages.Source Adapted from A Statistical Review of Tourism, Hong Kong Tourist Association (1998).2. Literature review cent per annum in recent years (Hueng, 1997). The locomote cost of accommodation in Hong Kong and the dwindling number of shopping bargains are continuously aecting the Hong Kong tourism industry (Brevetti, 1995). Such price ination threatens Hong Kongs temper as a Shopping Paradise. Looking at the visitor prole, in particular at a comparison of business and leisure travellers, there appears to take away not much signicant change between the two groups. The leisure segment has constituted almost 60 per cent of total visitor arrivals to Hong Kong over the last(prenominal) ten years, while the business segment contributed up to 30 per cent of total visitor arrivals over the same period (see Table 1). Regarding the hotel industry in Hong Kong, room rates adjudge long been considered as the prime factor that adds to the cost of a trip, contributing to tourism downturn (Beck, 1997 Schloss, 1997). Schloss (1997) reported that Hong Kong hotels are much expensive to stay in than in Tokyo hotels, even when they oer discounts.Beck (1997) mentioned that Hong Kong hotels are too expensive and that thehigh cost is the single factor that continues to aect tourism in Hong Kong seriously. Research studies grant shown that satisfaction with hotel properties, including services, facilities and price, appears to be one of the major factors leading to the success and repeat patronage of the destination (Shih, 1986 Stevens, 1992). To be successful in business, one must understand how customers perceive the product or service attributes, their importance and performance when compared with other competitors. The importance of world competitive and oering competitive advantage has been recognised for some years. In the hotel environment, where competition dominates, hoteliers must study the strengths and weaknesses of the product or service they provide and accurately dene their importance and performance.To maintain Hong Kongs present status as one of the worlds most attractive tourist destinations, hoteliers 2.1. ImportancePerformance Analysis ImportancePerformance Analysis (IPA) conceptually underlies the multi-attribute models that date back to the late 1970s. Martilla and James (1977) applied the IPA technique to analyse the performance of the automobile industry. Hawes, Kiser and Rao (1982) and Hawes and Rao (1985) utilize the IPA concept in retirement communities and wellness care applications. Sethna (1982) found the IPA technique to be a valid and powerful technique for identifying service property areas that require remedial strategic actions. The underlying premise of the IPA technique is that customers level of satisfaction with the attributes is mainly derived from their expectations and judgment of the products or services performance.IPA has become a popular managerial tool that has been broadly used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of brands, products, services and retail establishments in various industries in recent years (Chapman, 1993 Cheron, McTavish Perrien, 1989). Hemmasi, Strong and Taylor (1994) measured the service quality of hospital services using IPA as an alternative to the traditional SERVQUAL instrument devised by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1988). While Evans and Chon (1989) used the IPA to formulate and evaluate tourism policy, Keyt, Yavas and Riecken (1994) and Hsu, Byun and Yang (1997) adopted the IPA technique in restaurant positioning.Lewis (1985) used the IPA as a competitive analysis technique to identify tourists perceptions of the hotel industry. Lewis and Chambers (1989) reported the eective use of IPA by the Sheraton Hotel in monitoring customer satisfaction. Almanza, Jaeand Lin (1994) used the IPA matrix to determine means for improving customer satisfaction. Martin (1995) examined se rvice providers perceptions of customers expectations of quality service in the hotel industry using the IPA technique. In an increasingly competitive environment, a determination of the strengths and weaknesses of a fetch high levels of performance in relation to these activities. In the Low Priority quadrant, attributes have low importance and low performance. Although performance levels may be low in this cell, managers should not be overly concerned since the attributes in this cell are not perceived to be genuinely historic. Limited resources should be expended on this low priority cell. Lastly, the Possible Overkill quadrant contains attributes of low importance, but of relatively high performance.Respondents are satised with the performance of the organisations, but managers should consider present eorts on the attributes of this cell as being overutilised (Evans and Chon, 1989 Hemmasi, Strong Taylor, 1994 Keyt et al., 1994 Martilla James, 1977 Martin, 1995). Fig. 1. Impo rtancePerformance Analysis grid. quarter-circle I Attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, but performance levels are fairly low. This sends a direct message that improvement eorts should concentrate here. Quadrant II Attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, and at the same time, the organisation seems to have high levels of performance on these activities.The message here is To Keep up the Good Work. Quadrant III Attributes are with low importance and low performance. Although performance levels may be low in this cell, managers should not be overly concerned since the attribute in this cell is not perceived to be very important. Limited resources should be expended on this low priority cell. Quadrant IV This cell contains attributes of low importance, but relatively high performance. Respondents are satised with the performance of the organisations, but managers should consider present eorts on the attributes of this cell as being overutil ised.2.2. Perceived importance and performance of attributes Attribute importance is generally regarded as a persons general assessment of the signicance of an attribute for a product. Many studies have attempted to analyse customer satisfaction in terms of both expectations that relate to certain important attributes and judgments of the attribute performance (Myers Alpers, 1968 Swan Coombs, 1976). However, there appears to have been diverse conclusions made about how one should relate attribute importance and performance. The concept of importance is viewed by customers the same as satisfaction (Barsky, 1992 Rosenberg, 1956). When a customer perceives an attribute as important, the customer will believe that the attribute will play a signicant role in inuencing his or her product survival (MacKenzie, 1986).More recently, the term importance has been used to refer to the perceived importance of an attribute and its eect on product or service quality (Carman, 1990). Lilien, Kotle r and Moorthy (1993) dened the term important attributes as those considered important by consumers, and that the various brands or products are perceived to dier. Hemmasi et al. (1994), however, stated that performance lies in customer perceptions of performance of the attribute.Thus, the more favourable the perception of performance, the greater the likelihood of the choice from among similar alternatives. Therefore, it is strategically important for hoteliers to understand and to identify the product (or service) attributes perceived by customers as important, and to examine how customers perceive these product (or service) attributes. It is also very likely that a customers favourable post-purchase experience may lead him or her to repurchase if the customer is satised with the hotel performance. 2.3. Hotel attributes in hotel choice selection Those attributes directly inuencing choice are determining(prenominal) attributes they may arouse consumers purchase intentions and die rentiate from competitors oeringsproducts or services importance and performance seems an required constituent of success.The interpretation of the IPA is graphically presented on a grid divided into tetrad quadrants. Fig. 1 illustrates the IPAgrid. The -axis reports the customers perceived importance of selected attributes, and the X-axis shows the products (or services) performance in relation to these attributes. The four identiable quadrants are Concentrate Here, Keep Up the Good Work, Low Priority and Possible Overkill. In the Concentrate Here quadrant, attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, but performance levels are seen as fairly low. This sends a direct message that improvement eorts should concentrate here. In the Keep Up the Good Work quadrant, attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, and at the same time, the organisation seems to(Alpert, 1971). The services and facilities oered by a hotel, or hotel attributes, are those feat ures of products or services that lead consumers to choose one product over others (Lewis, 1983).Wuest, Tas and Emenheiser (1996) dened perceptions of hotel attributes as the degree to which travellers nd various services and facilities important to customers satisfaction. Atkinson (1988) found that cleanliness of the accommodation, followed by safety and security, accommodation value for money, courtesy and helpfulness of sta were identied as top attributes for travellers in hotel choice selection. Wilensky and Buttle (1988) mentioned that personal service, physical attractiveness, opportunities for relaxation, standard of services, appealing image, and value for money were signicantly evaluated by travellers.Rivers, Toh and Alaoui (1991) examined the hotel selection decisions of members and non-members of frequent guest programs. Their results showed that convenience of location and overall service received the highest ratings. Ananth, DeMicco, Moreo and Howey (1992) surveyed 510 travellers, asking them to rate the importance of 57 hotel attributes in hotel choice decision. The results showed that price and quality was rated as the most important attribute across all age categories, followed by attributes related to security and convenience of location. LeBlanc and Nguyen (1996), in particular, examined the ve hotel factors that may signal a hotels image to travellers. These ve factors were physical environment,corporate identity, service personnel, quality of services and accessibility. They suggested that marketing eorts should be directed to highlight the environmental cues in order to attract new customers.An extensive review of the literature for the hospitality industry suggests that attributes such as cleanliness, location, room rate, security, service quality, and the reputation of the hotel have been considered by most tourists in hotel choice decision (Ananth, DeMicco, Moreo Howey, 1992 Atkinson, 1988 Barsky Labagh, 1992 Cadotte Turgeon, 1988 Kn utson, 1988 LeBlanc Nguyen, 1996 Lewis, 1984,1985 Marshall, 1993 McCleary, Weaver Hutchinson, 1993 Rivers, Toh Alaoui, 1991 Wilensky Buttle, 1988).2.4. Hotel attributes as perceived by business and leisure travellers Many studies have looked into a comparison between business and leisure travellers in their hotel selection criteria. These studies indicated that the important attributes aecting business travellers hotel choices were cleanliness and location (Lewis Chambers, 1989 McCleary et al., 1993 Taninecz, 1990), whereas security, personal interactions, and room rates were considered as important by their leisure counterparts (Clow, Garretson Kurtz, 1994 Lewis, 1985 Marshall, 1993 Parasuraman et al., 1988). Taninecz (1990) found that cleanliness,comfort of mattresses and pillows, and quality of towels received the highest ratings from business travellers. Lewis and Chambers (1989) and McCleary et al. (1993) also found that location was the most important factor inuencing ho tel selection by all business travellers. However, they argued that a hotels catering facilities were not important in hotel selection, as there are often many alternative dine choices nearby.Leisure travellers seem to be more concerned with room rates and value in their initial hotel selection (Lewis, 1985). Parasuraman et al. (1988) found that the quality of personal interactions with employees was a critical component of the service quality evaluation. Employees service quality has been cited as important to leisure travellers when selecting overnight accommodation (Parasuraman et al., 1988). Knutson (1988) mentioned that leisure travellers were mainly concerned with a hotels safety and security. This concern might stem from the idea that leisure trips often involve families, and these travellers have a high sensitivity to what may occur more or less them when their familiesare involved. Marshall (1993) and Clow et al. (1994) revealed that security was cited as one of the most i mportant criteria in selecting a hotel. Tourists want to be safe and unspoilt in their accommodation, and are willing to pay for this.The safety and security system may dierentiate one property from its competition, hence becoming a competitive strategy that helps a hotel to gain tourists condence and trust. Ananth et al. (1992) found that leisure travellers were likely to express concern with regard to a hotels reputation and name familiarity. Other studies have suggested that some hotel attributes are seen as important by both business and leisure travellers. Knutson (1988) examined the dierences between business and leisure travellers in an attempt to determine the attributes that initially attract these two types of travellers to a hotel, and that forge them back.Her ndings suggested that the following factors were considered by both business and leisure travellers when selecting a hotel for the rst time or for repeat patronage (1) clean, comfortable, well-maintained rooms, (2 ) convenient location, (3) prompt and courteous service, (4) safe and secure environment, and (5) friendly and courteous employees. Lewis (1984,1985) tested 66 hotel attributes to determine the basis of hotel selection by 1314 business and leisure travellers in six hotels.The ndings showed that location and price were the determinant attributes for hotel selection for both business and leisure travellers. Cadotte and Turgeon (1988) examined data from members of the AH MA (American Hotel Motel Association) on the relative frequency of 26 categories of congratulate. Survey results found that the ve most frequent compliments were (1) helpful attitude of employees, (2) cleanliness of establishment, (3) neatness of establishment, (4) quality of service, and (5) employee knowledge of service.