Globalisation, Terrorism and Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Globalization, Terrorism and Security - Essay Example Fear mongering consistently stems up in the most fragile of classes inside a general public. (THACKRAH, 2004) Its early stages is in this manner reproduced and sustained in the most minimal of classes inside the way of life. This feeble class in an underdeveloped country is as a general rule the majority. People's opinion of the type of government is truly given a demeanor of aloof encounters when fear mongering begins to manifest out of nowhere. This makes a sentiment of disdain for the administrative foundations just as the individuals in charge of undertakings, i.e., the ones who are creating the strategies and are running the legislature. (OOTS, 1986) Terrorism requests of individuals to change their method of looking and anticipating something, in the event that they accomplish besides, from the administration. It has been the situation for a long time that at whatever point government inside a specific nation is in a place of monetary and safeguard power, psychological warfare creeps up out of nowhere and hypnotizes its popularity based foundations unrecoverable and reclamation. The need of great importance on these countries’ part is to battle against the psychological oppressor exercises with a harsh hand however in a progressively taught and moral style. On the off chance that the equivalent isn't done, contempt is the most widely recognized of responses that have been seen for days of yore for these nations. Psychological warfare has changed the substance of the world. The individuals of this world have begun to feel perilous at whatever point they are inside a swarm and in this way various presumptions have begun to come to fruition as worries to the premise of various assemblages, occasions, shows et cetera. This has truly introduced an exceptionally bleak image of the harmony angle related with this world. It must be changed and there should think mentality move inside the worldwide people to begin with. Individuals need to comprehend their particular duties and afterward reverberation the equivalent in the light of the

Critically Assess Australian foreign policy in the 1930s. essays

Basically Assess Australian international strategy during the 1930s. papers During the 1930s, Australia battled to get itself an international strategy that would not just secure its inclinations in the Pacific locale, however would likewise empower it to pick up distinction and remaining inside the universal network. Thusly, Australias international strategies during this period swayed to suit the disturbance that encompassed the world, especially during the late 1930s. This paper will endeavor to fundamentally assess the different arrangements utilized by Australia, and the explanations for the utilization of each. This will be finished by enumerating the international strategies of Australia, and why they were established. It has been said that the chief point of Australian international strategy during the between war years was to save harmony, and its auxiliary goal was to guarantee that if war came, the Empire was solid and steady. The rationale behind this was the League of Nations couldn't be trusted, yet the Empire could. Australia had developed significantly because of the Great War, and was currently perceived universally as an increasingly free, creating country, which was a consequence of Hughes endeavors at the Paris harmony gathering. Be that as it may, its connects to the British Empire were still especially predominant and as will be seen this was to affect Australias international strategies during the 1930s. At first, Australia was not all that worried about her international strategy, and could even be said that she fail to have one. The explanation behind this was it was generally accepted that Britain would act the hero, should the need emerge. For sure, up until Versailles, the Mother Country had a huge strength over Australias universal undertakings. It kept on doing as such during the 1920s, yet less significantly than previously. It was commonly held that Britain would give international strategies to Australia as they were required. Mansergh accepts that Australia tried to her greatest advantage no... <!

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Web based business - Essay Example Clear correspondence channels and acceleration network ought to likewise be characterized. The center group must set up a philosophy and time span to move existing information to the new framework. A last dispatch date ought to be clung to or changed relying upon venture progress. The authority group must give extraordinary consideration to making sure about staff purchase in, with the goal that the new framework when propelled is grasped by the clients. In actualizing this technique different hierarchical, the executives and specialized issues should be tended to. This is talked about underneath. Authoritative Issues In order that a life coverage organization moves from a physical business to a robotized domain, vital authority is significant. The authority group may need to assess: Procedure to manage channel strife Forestall disintegration of edges Survey kind of items reasonable for web dispersion Methods to fortify client connections and increase new clients on the web (Bloor Research). This involves enormous interest in IT foundation. The initiative group should choose the installment technique for this venture. One alternative is to re-appropriate or share costs with a supplier while the other is to remove costs from existing activities. For instance Allstate Insurance, a US based guarantor rebuilt its workforce to help a move towards a multi-channel deals technique including the Internet, call focuses and operators. It disposed of thousands of non-specialist positions and changed over hostage operators into self employed entities. These progressions supposedly will spare the organization $600m. Allstate has likewise apparently revamped and merged a portion of its activities to spare costs (Insurance Journal). The life coverage organization needs to choose the regions to... This article assesses the system for a life coverage organization to change from a physical business to an e undertaking. The specialist centers around the conversation of the issue of changing over a disaster protection organization to an e-undertaking, that requires tremendous fiscal speculation, yet additionally interest in keeping the vitality and rhythm of the workers high so venture usage is fruitful. On the off chance that e dispatch is fruitful, a few pieces of the customary set up can be supplanted by progressively present day forms. It will divert the insurance agency from a mammoth association to a lean firm. Diminish preparing time and control cost, e â€commerce and e †business arrangements hold incredible intrigue for an insurance agency. Josefowicz suitably takes note of that a life coverage organization can â€Å"maintain a little gathering of e-business specialists to give direction, consistency and best practices on the five key regions of system, instructio n, ease of use, security and standardization†. The analyst expresses that this will enable the organization to diminish the danger of: re-designing the wheel for each new activity, supporting cross-reason activities, absence of preparing, which prompts absence of appropriation and client dissatisfaction, dissimilar interfaces, which builds preparing cost, and lessens reception, costly, superfluous joining of unique frameworks, absence of interoperability, costly and tedious post facto incorporation. The analyst then concluds that it's ability, clear course and energy, that can unquestionably make the venture a triumph.

An Overview Of Vaishnodevi Tourism Essay Example

An Overview Of Vaishnodevi Tourism Essay Example An Overview Of Vaishnodevi Tourism Essay An Overview Of Vaishnodevi Tourism Essay Vaishnodevi Settled at a height of 5,200 pess, Vaishnodevi, is perhaps the holiest sanctuary in the Hindu confidence. Situated in the slope of Vaishno Devi in Jammu Kashmir, Vaishnodevi is other than known as Mata Rani and is accepted to be an encapsulation of the Mother Goddess. This is the second most visited topographic purpose of pioneers venture after Tirupati. Criticalness On the off chance that antiquated Hindu writings and Bibles are to be accepted, the Mother Goddess was infact conceived detail mis off from where her holy place is arranged. Her place of birth appears to hold been the South of India and she was destined to Ratnakar Sagar. She left the mainstream wants at only 9 mature ages old enough to bite over and execute atonements to placate Lord Rama, an exemplification of Lord Vishnu. If you don't mind by her devotedness, Lord Rama requested that her movement North and ruminate in a collapse the Trikuta extent of Manik Mountains. This is the means by which Vaishnodevi is accepted to hold been set up. Attractions The Vaishnodevi Shrine: This universe commended sanctuary that pulls in 1000s of fans every twelvemonth is the point of convergence of Vasihnodevi. Like most antiquated places of worship the historical backdrop of the Vaishnodevi holy place is covered in times long past and mystery in spite of the fact that it is accepted that the hallowed place was found by the Pandavas and the Mother Goddess finds a reference in the courageous sonnet Mahabharata. On a mountain, just close to the Trikuta mountains and disregarding the sanctum cavern are five stone developments which are accepted to encapsulate the five pandavas. Devouts accept that the Mother Goddess has the ability to help through their wants and that no 1 goes flat broke from her altar. Baba Dhansar: This sanctuary, devoted to Lord Shiva, is found 15 kilometer from Katra. Numerous devouts crowd to this sanctuary to see the obviously framed Shiv Lingam on which beads of H2O pre-winter constantly all through the twelvemonth. This sanctuary is other than the area for a simply that is held during Shivratri. Shiv Khori: This is the sanctum cavern home of Lord Shiva and is arranged around 70 kilometers from Katra and the alone appealing power of this cavern is its structure it is formed like a Damroo , Lord Shiva s glorious music instrument expansive at the terminals and tight at the Center. Shiv Khori other than has an obviously framed Shiv Lingam that is well known among fans. Instructions to Reach Your Vaishnodevi Yatra begins from Katra, a town found 50 kilometer from Jammu. Katra is acceptable associated by course to Jammu. The closest airdrome to Katra is Jammu similar to the rail caput. On the off chance that you intend to pass by course, you can take from an expansive extent of movement choices like coachs, private cabs, landrovers and so on. As of late, a chopper administration has other than been begun for travelers who do non want to do the long and backbreaking trek to the hallowed place on pes.

Percy Jackson and the Sea of Monsters - Essay Topics and a List of Essay Topics

Percy Jackson and the Sea of Monsters - Essay Topics and a List of Essay TopicsIf you're looking for your next essay, a good place to start is by getting a copy of 'If You Like My Sea of Monsters, Then You'll Love This One,' by Percy Jackson and the Olympians author Joe Lynch. With this book, you'll be prepared to take on any essay topic, no matter how difficult it may be. For this reason, it's well worth the money, and you will definitely find this book invaluable to your next attempt at writing a paper.The book contains a variety of essay topics that are designed to test you. However, you don't have to study all of them in order to come out ahead in a test. By reviewing some of the essay topics throughout the book, you'll gain a better understanding of how the coursework at your high school or college level is structured.Now, before you get started, it's important to know that these essays are designed to be taken on a number of different topics. These range from questions of defin ition to questions of descriptive investigation. This book makes it easy for you to figure out what you'll need to do to prepare for each type of topic and gives you some tips and tricks to help you through the process. Here's a look at a few of the main types of essays that you'll encounter throughout the book.Understanding One is a question/answer style of essay that is relatively easy to handle. In this type of essay, you'll simply need to think about an issue that is important to you and then describe how you can best get information to you or read it. You can see this type of essay on nearly every list of essay topics, as well as on Wikipedia, and you should have no trouble coming up with an answer to this.In addition to being one of the most popular essay topics, this is one of the easiest. In this essay, you simply have to write about something that is personal to you. This could be anything from your family to a pet to a hobby you enjoy, and you should have no problem coming up with a simple essay.So if you haven't yet decided what type of essay topics you want to tackle for your next essay, I suggest that you take a look at this book. It contains a great deal of variety, so you shouldn't run into any difficulty in getting started. It's designed to make writing easier and more enjoyable, and if you're looking for the perfect essay topic, this is exactly what you need.From dragons to prophecy, this is an adventure you can use for anything from surfing to poetry to the game of thrones, and everything in between. You can go from the mundane to the supernatural in a short space of time, and you can expect to have fun while doing it. Many people think that writing about adventures is a very common theme, but when you include fantasy in the mix, you'll really appreciate this book.Finally, let's take a look at one of the essay topics that you won't find on the general list. 'The Sea of Monsters' is a great example of a difficult theme that is more difficult t han you might imagine. Of course, as with all of the other topics in this book, you'll have an easier time with this one because you're familiar with the subject matter already.

20 Affordable Valentines Day Gifts

20 Affordable Valentine’s Day Gifts 20 Affordable Valentine’s Day Gifts 20 Affordable Valentine’s Day GiftsChocolate. And flowers. And dinnerâ€"and thats before you even think about getting your significant other a gift. When planning a romantic Valentine’s Day, it’s all too easy to drain your checking account, load up purchases on your credit card, and generally make some spending choices that’ll end up hurting you long-term.But it doesn’t have to be that way! There are tons of ways to celebrate Valentine’s Day on the cheap. And the same is true for gifts. That’s why we’ve put together this list of 20 awesome Valentine’s gifts that all just so happen to be super affordable too. Enjoy!1.  For the Chocoholic With Dietary RestrictionsGet them the gift of spooning chocolate from CocoaCanard.com. It may be gluten and dairy free, but once this pure, non-bitter  dark chocolate melts in a cup of hot water, you won’t know the difference. Think of it as the espresso of hot chocolate. Cocoa Canard’s spooning chocolate gift set comes with a ca nister of spooning chocolate, a spooning mugs, and a personalized linen stationary gift card and envelope, all for only $19.99. You can also check them out on Facebook.2.  For the Romantic Who Just Needs to Find the Right WordsNeed a new way to say I love you? Then What I Love About You is the Valentine’s gift you’ve been looking for. This inventive, fill-in-the blank book will help you say “what is in your heart, but may not always be at the tip of your tongue.” It’s chockfull of fun, romantic checklists, short answers, and phrases, that you and your partner can play through together. What I Love About You comes from bestselling journal-creators and husband-wife team Kate David Marshall, and is available for only $13.95!3. For the Movie Buff in Your LifeIf your significant other is the kind of person whose idea of a good date may or may not include dinner but definitely includes a movie, then why not order them a movie poster from JustMoviePosters.com? They have posters from hundreds of different films, most of which range from $8 to $15. And if you want to make the gift a little bit fancier, you can buy an inexpensive frame at your local target or Wal-Mart.4. For the Person Whose Path to Their Heart Runs Through Their StomachSure, a home-cooked meal can be delicious, but it can also be so much more than that. (Since you can’t see us, please know that we’re suggestively raising our eyebrows.) Author Amy Reilly  has written critically acclaimed aphrodisiac cookbooks inluding Fork Me, Spoon Me, and Romancing the Stove. Start cooking from these recipes, and you might find that the phrase “let’s just stay in tonight” will take on a whole new meaning. Both books are available for under $20.5. For the Person Who’s Always Digging Around for Their KeysIf your significant other has to basically mount a search party every time she needs to get her keys out of her purse, then a Finders Key Purse ® from the good folks at Isn’t This Clever  might just be the perfect gift. You simply attach your keys to the purse key clip clasp and then keep the key holder hanging over the edge of your bag or over an inside pocket. They have tons of awesome designs to choose from, and the purses only cost $6.95!6. For the Person Who Appreciates a Woodsy TouchNormally, just getting your significant other a card for Valentine’s Day would be considered a no-no. But with a beautiful, wood-carved “Bee Mine” card from Indigo Ember, that can be a romantic gift all by itself. You can order a card  for only $9.00, and you can add a personalized message to your sweetheart (maximum 120 characters, including spaces) for an additional $400.7. For the Person Who Appreciates Being PamperedNothing says “I love you” like giving the gift of self-care. A massage, a warm, scented bath, a clean smelling bedâ€"these are the ways you can express your love when you get your wife or girlfriend the Love at First Sight Romance Gift Set   from The Medical Momm as. The set includes a rollerball, a bath book, massage oil, and linen spray, all for only $24.99! Follow The Medical Mommas here on Facebook.8. For the Person Who’s Constantly Fighting With Knots in Their Ear BudsThe best gifts are ones that say “I love you” while still being useful in your partner’s day to day life. Enter, the Magneat Big Heart by OnanOff. This simple, stylish accessory helps keep your earbuds untangled at all times, saving you a lot of time and hassle. This particular design comes with a big red heart that serves a nice little daily reminder of the love that you and your partner share.9. For the Person Who Loves Playing GamesIf you want to give your partner the gift of shaking up your everyday routine, this try the Kisses 4 Us box. This soft-touch laminated box contains 30 Unique Kiss Cardsâ€"each of which explains a different type of kiss, plus extra trivia, fun facts, and additional kissing tips. Each box also come with 5 Create Your Own Cards; and an I dea Book. You can and your spouse can practice these new kisses once a day, or all at once. The choice is up to you. The Kisses 4 Us Box is only $19.99, or $24.99 if you buy it with a special gift bag.10. For the Person Who’s Always Turning up the ThermostatHaving trouble staying warm this winter? Then why not give your significant other a gift from Heat Holders, the USA’s leading thermal sock brand.   Their Ladies Lounge Socks are perfect for romantic night in, while their men’s Ankle Slipper Socks are great for a fun tromp through a wintery wonderland. And Heat Holders has more than just socks! Their Thermal Oversized Throw blanket might be just the thing for you and your partner to cuddle up under during a long February night.11. For the Love of Your Life Who Also Needs a Phone CaseIs your significant other the kind of person who has a cute photo of you two as their smart phone lock screen? Well why not give them a smart phone case that’s got an even cuter photo printed o n it. With Skinit custom phone cases, you can upload a photo to create a personalized, one of a kind case for your sweetie. The cases are only $35, which is a great price to combine such a sweet romantic gesture with the sturdiness of a good phone case.12. For the Person Who Loves Homemade Chai Tea.Chai tea is one of the few drinks that can really hit the spot as your trying to make it through the long, dark winter months. And if your significant other is a real chai-head (that’s totally a thing, we checked) then they will flip for this gift box from Prana Chai. The box includes a 250g Masala Blend Prana Chai Bag, a 14oz Stainless Steel Turkish Teapot, a Stainless Steel Fine Mesh Strainer, a Robert Gordon Chai Mug, and a Prana Chai recipe bookletâ€"a $62 retail value that Prana Chai is offering for only $42. Follow Prana Chai on Facebook.13. For the Person Who Adores Those Personal TouchesThe craft of the handwritten love letter has gone the way of the dinosaur, the dirigible, and the dodo, but that hasn’t stopped the good folks at Punkpost  from bringing it back! Here’s how it works: you choose a letter, send them the text, and they turn it into a gorgeous, personalized handwritten card that they mail on your behalf. You can choose a card from their special Valentine’s day collection and send your beloved a handwritten card today, free of charge. That’s right, because your first card through Punkpost is free!14. For the Person Who Needs a Little Help to RelaxPeople who are constantly on the go usually have trouble relaxing. And if you don’t have the kind of extra income to spend on regular massages, then it can be especially hard to take care of stress. That’s why the Bodyworks Ball  is such a perfect gift. It’s a simple massage tool that people can use to get some easy relief. IT’s specially designed to not damage or mark-up walls, meaning that you can use it pretty much anywhere you go! Reasonably priced at only $34.99, this is a gift that will keep on giving.15. For the Person Who Owns More Crystals Than Pairs of SocksIf your significant other’s chakras are a little out of whack these days, then get them the gift of some good ol’ fashioned crystals from Little Box of Rocks. And if you’re looking for something romantic Valentine’s Day, then the Moonstruck (Romance)  box should do you nicely, and it’s only $35.00! From the Little Box of Rocks website:  Infused with the energy of hot, lunar passion, this bouquet was created as an expression of  wild and feverish love. Instead of flowers, send a little bit of secret magic to the mesmerizing soul who’s got you Moonstruck and watch your beloved go weak in the knees.16. For the Person Whose Sweet Tooth Has a Sense of AdventureWant to get your sweetheart a sweet treat for Valentine’s Day? Well why don’t you skip the chocolates and get them something unique instead? With a lollipop from Lollyphile.com you can give your partner a gift that’s both surprising and delicious. They have lots of different flavors, some more unexpected than others. You ever wanted to try a pizza-flavored lollipop? Well don’t worry, Lollyphile’s got you covered. You can get for lollipops of a single flavor for only $8.00, or get one of their mix packs  for only $12.00!17. For the Health-Conscious Person Who Still Craves Tasty TreatsThe flipside of giving your partner a bunch of candy for Valentine’s Day is that, well, candy isn’t actually all that good for you! Or at least, most candy isn’t. The hard candies from Cracked Candy  are sugar-free, vegan and diabetic safe, and they’re even good for your teeth. (If you’re dating a dentist, this is 100 percent the gift for them.) These candies come in four delicious flavorsâ€"Cinnamon, Mellow Orange, Zesty Lemon and Peppermint Iceâ€"and you can order an 8-pack for only $37.99.18. For the Person Whose Lips Are Constantly DryWinter can be a nightmare for people with sensitive or dry lips, so why not give your partner the gift of soft, moisturized lips? (Not to mention that it makes them way more kissable). Flask Brands  makes their lip balms using only 5 natural ingredients, including peppermint essential oil for flavor. And here’s the best part: You can order them with individual gift wrapping for only $5.99â€"shipping included!19. For Both the Man Who Loves Style and the Man Who Needs Some Style AssistanceSubscribing to monthly gift boxes is all the rage these days. And while these boxes are awesome, they can also represent a monthly expense that folks on a tight budget can’t afford. But with the Styled Man Box, you can order a one-time box, filled with 4-6 practical mens goods, gadgets and stylish accessory upgrades, all for only $39.99 And if you do decide to subscribe monthly, your box will be personalized just for you!20. For When Your Valentine Is Actually Your PetFor lots of people, their greatest love in life isn’t a person; it’s a furry little friend. (Trust us, w e totally get it.) If you want to show your pet how much you appreciate them, then give them the gift of proper identification. These fun, colorful LOVE tag from Twigo Tags  are not only affordable, but they’re incredibly simple to personalize. Just write your info on the tag, boil it to seal the ink, and then loop it on your pet’s collar. Each tag is only $8.00!Having a fun, romantic Valentine’s Day doesn’t have to mean heartbreak for your bank account. For other great ways to save, check out our blog with relationship expert Samantha Daniels for some great, affordable date ideas. And if you have some awesome ideas of your own, let us know at @OppLoans! 20 Affordable Valentine’s Day Gifts 20 Affordable Valentine’s Day Gifts 20 Affordable Valentine’s Day GiftsChocolate. And flowers. And dinnerâ€"and thats before you even think about getting your significant other a gift. When planning a romantic Valentine’s Day, it’s all too easy to drain your checking account, load up purchases on your credit card, and generally make some spending choices that’ll end up hurting you long-term.But it doesn’t have to be that way! There are tons of ways to celebrate Valentine’s Day on the cheap. And the same is true for gifts. That’s why we’ve put together this list of 20 awesome Valentine’s gifts that all just so happen to be super affordable too. Enjoy!1.  For the Chocoholic With Dietary RestrictionsGet them the gift of spooning chocolate from CocoaCanard.com. It may be gluten and dairy free, but once this pure, non-bitter  dark chocolate melts in a cup of hot water, you won’t know the difference. Think of it as the espresso of hot chocolate. Cocoa Canard’s spooning chocolate gift set comes with a ca nister of spooning chocolate, a spooning mugs, and a personalized linen stationary gift card and envelope, all for only $19.99. You can also check them out on Facebook.2.  For the Romantic Who Just Needs to Find the Right WordsNeed a new way to say I love you? Then What I Love About You is the Valentine’s gift you’ve been looking for. This inventive, fill-in-the blank book will help you say “what is in your heart, but may not always be at the tip of your tongue.” It’s chockfull of fun, romantic checklists, short answers, and phrases, that you and your partner can play through together. What I Love About You comes from bestselling journal-creators and husband-wife team Kate David Marshall, and is available for only $13.95!3. For the Movie Buff in Your LifeIf your significant other is the kind of person whose idea of a good date may or may not include dinner but definitely includes a movie, then why not order them a movie poster from JustMoviePosters.com? They have posters from hundreds of different films, most of which range from $8 to $15. And if you want to make the gift a little bit fancier, you can buy an inexpensive frame at your local target or Wal-Mart.4. For the Person Whose Path to Their Heart Runs Through Their StomachSure, a home-cooked meal can be delicious, but it can also be so much more than that. (Since you can’t see us, please know that we’re suggestively raising our eyebrows.) Author Amy Reilly  has written critically acclaimed aphrodisiac cookbooks inluding Fork Me, Spoon Me, and Romancing the Stove. Start cooking from these recipes, and you might find that the phrase “let’s just stay in tonight” will take on a whole new meaning. Both books are available for under $20.5. For the Person Who’s Always Digging Around for Their KeysIf your significant other has to basically mount a search party every time she needs to get her keys out of her purse, then a Finders Key Purse ® from the good folks at Isn’t This Clever  might just be the perfect gift. You simply attach your keys to the purse key clip clasp and then keep the key holder hanging over the edge of your bag or over an inside pocket. They have tons of awesome designs to choose from, and the purses only cost $6.95!6. For the Person Who Appreciates a Woodsy TouchNormally, just getting your significant other a card for Valentine’s Day would be considered a no-no. But with a beautiful, wood-carved “Bee Mine” card from Indigo Ember, that can be a romantic gift all by itself. You can order a card  for only $9.00, and you can add a personalized message to your sweetheart (maximum 120 characters, including spaces) for an additional $400.7. For the Person Who Appreciates Being PamperedNothing says “I love you” like giving the gift of self-care. A massage, a warm, scented bath, a clean smelling bedâ€"these are the ways you can express your love when you get your wife or girlfriend the Love at First Sight Romance Gift Set   from The Medical Momm as. The set includes a rollerball, a bath book, massage oil, and linen spray, all for only $24.99! Follow The Medical Mommas here on Facebook.8. For the Person Who’s Constantly Fighting With Knots in Their Ear BudsThe best gifts are ones that say “I love you” while still being useful in your partner’s day to day life. Enter, the Magneat Big Heart by OnanOff. This simple, stylish accessory helps keep your earbuds untangled at all times, saving you a lot of time and hassle. This particular design comes with a big red heart that serves a nice little daily reminder of the love that you and your partner share.9. For the Person Who Loves Playing GamesIf you want to give your partner the gift of shaking up your everyday routine, this try the Kisses 4 Us box. This soft-touch laminated box contains 30 Unique Kiss Cardsâ€"each of which explains a different type of kiss, plus extra trivia, fun facts, and additional kissing tips. Each box also come with 5 Create Your Own Cards; and an I dea Book. You can and your spouse can practice these new kisses once a day, or all at once. The choice is up to you. The Kisses 4 Us Box is only $19.99, or $24.99 if you buy it with a special gift bag.10. For the Person Who’s Always Turning up the ThermostatHaving trouble staying warm this winter? Then why not give your significant other a gift from Heat Holders, the USA’s leading thermal sock brand.   Their Ladies Lounge Socks are perfect for romantic night in, while their men’s Ankle Slipper Socks are great for a fun tromp through a wintery wonderland. And Heat Holders has more than just socks! Their Thermal Oversized Throw blanket might be just the thing for you and your partner to cuddle up under during a long February night.11. For the Love of Your Life Who Also Needs a Phone CaseIs your significant other the kind of person who has a cute photo of you two as their smart phone lock screen? Well why not give them a smart phone case that’s got an even cuter photo printed o n it. With Skinit custom phone cases, you can upload a photo to create a personalized, one of a kind case for your sweetie. The cases are only $35, which is a great price to combine such a sweet romantic gesture with the sturdiness of a good phone case.12. For the Person Who Loves Homemade Chai Tea.Chai tea is one of the few drinks that can really hit the spot as your trying to make it through the long, dark winter months. And if your significant other is a real chai-head (that’s totally a thing, we checked) then they will flip for this gift box from Prana Chai. The box includes a 250g Masala Blend Prana Chai Bag, a 14oz Stainless Steel Turkish Teapot, a Stainless Steel Fine Mesh Strainer, a Robert Gordon Chai Mug, and a Prana Chai recipe bookletâ€"a $62 retail value that Prana Chai is offering for only $42. Follow Prana Chai on Facebook.13. For the Person Who Adores Those Personal TouchesThe craft of the handwritten love letter has gone the way of the dinosaur, the dirigible, and the dodo, but that hasn’t stopped the good folks at Punkpost  from bringing it back! Here’s how it works: you choose a letter, send them the text, and they turn it into a gorgeous, personalized handwritten card that they mail on your behalf. You can choose a card from their special Valentine’s day collection and send your beloved a handwritten card today, free of charge. That’s right, because your first card through Punkpost is free!14. For the Person Who Needs a Little Help to RelaxPeople who are constantly on the go usually have trouble relaxing. And if you don’t have the kind of extra income to spend on regular massages, then it can be especially hard to take care of stress. That’s why the Bodyworks Ball  is such a perfect gift. It’s a simple massage tool that people can use to get some easy relief. IT’s specially designed to not damage or mark-up walls, meaning that you can use it pretty much anywhere you go! Reasonably priced at only $34.99, this is a gift that will keep on giving.15. For the Person Who Owns More Crystals Than Pairs of SocksIf your significant other’s chakras are a little out of whack these days, then get them the gift of some good ol’ fashioned crystals from Little Box of Rocks. And if you’re looking for something romantic Valentine’s Day, then the Moonstruck (Romance)  box should do you nicely, and it’s only $35.00! From the Little Box of Rocks website:  Infused with the energy of hot, lunar passion, this bouquet was created as an expression of  wild and feverish love. Instead of flowers, send a little bit of secret magic to the mesmerizing soul who’s got you Moonstruck and watch your beloved go weak in the knees.16. For the Person Whose Sweet Tooth Has a Sense of AdventureWant to get your sweetheart a sweet treat for Valentine’s Day? Well why don’t you skip the chocolates and get them something unique instead? With a lollipop from Lollyphile.com you can give your partner a gift that’s both surprising and delicious. They have lots of different flavors, some more unexpected than others. You ever wanted to try a pizza-flavored lollipop? Well don’t worry, Lollyphile’s got you covered. You can get for lollipops of a single flavor for only $8.00, or get one of their mix packs  for only $12.00!17. For the Health-Conscious Person Who Still Craves Tasty TreatsThe flipside of giving your partner a bunch of candy for Valentine’s Day is that, well, candy isn’t actually all that good for you! Or at least, most candy isn’t. The hard candies from Cracked Candy  are sugar-free, vegan and diabetic safe, and they’re even good for your teeth. (If you’re dating a dentist, this is 100 percent the gift for them.) These candies come in four delicious flavorsâ€"Cinnamon, Mellow Orange, Zesty Lemon and Peppermint Iceâ€"and you can order an 8-pack for only $37.99.18. For the Person Whose Lips Are Constantly DryWinter can be a nightmare for people with sensitive or dry lips, so why not give your partner the gift of soft, moisturized lips? (Not to mention that it makes them way more kissable). Flask Brands  makes their lip balms using only 5 natural ingredients, including peppermint essential oil for flavor. And here’s the best part: You can order them with individual gift wrapping for only $5.99â€"shipping included!19. For Both the Man Who Loves Style and the Man Who Needs Some Style AssistanceSubscribing to monthly gift boxes is all the rage these days. And while these boxes are awesome, they can also represent a monthly expense that folks on a tight budget can’t afford. But with the Styled Man Box, you can order a one-time box, filled with 4-6 practical mens goods, gadgets and stylish accessory upgrades, all for only $39.99 And if you do decide to subscribe monthly, your box will be personalized just for you!20. For When Your Valentine Is Actually Your PetFor lots of people, their greatest love in life isn’t a person; it’s a furry little friend. (Trust us, w e totally get it.) If you want to show your pet how much you appreciate them, then give them the gift of proper identification. These fun, colorful LOVE tag from Twigo Tags  are not only affordable, but they’re incredibly simple to personalize. Just write your info on the tag, boil it to seal the ink, and then loop it on your pet’s collar. Each tag is only $8.00!Having a fun, romantic Valentine’s Day doesn’t have to mean heartbreak for your bank account. For other great ways to save, check out our blog with relationship expert Samantha Daniels for some great, affordable date ideas. And if you have some awesome ideas of your own, let us know at @OppLoans!

Taking a Hard Look at Khan Academy

The College Board is excited. For the FIRST TIME EVER the College Board is offering FREE practice for the SAT. At its annual forum, College Board widely and enthusiastically touted its new partnership with Khan Academy because it brings free SAT practice to all students, thereby finally leveling the playing field. Now any student willing to put in the work will be able to improve his or her scores through easily accessible example videos, practice drills, tests, and study plans. Its not test prep; its productive practice. So goes the pitch to educators. Students, however, arent just getting this pitch; theyre getting the hard sell. When students go to the College Boards website to register for a test, they are directed to create an account at Khan and start practicing. When students receive their PSAT reports, their results will be ported over to the Khan site and analyzed to form a personalized study plan. That is, the data from the PSAT will be used to identify each students current competency level across an array of math and verbal topics. Those competencies inform the order in which topics are presented to each student. Its simple and elegant. Who wouldnt get excited about free, personalized practice for all students? I agree that Khan Academys SAT practice section is a valuable resource for students who would otherwise have no access to test prep. Khan Academy is not, however, a good place to take practice tests. Claims that it will finally level the playing field are overstated, for it is not a substitute for the kind of thoughtful coaching that has historically helped students improve their performance. At best, and with the following caveats, its a good place to do drills. Khan Academys structural weaknesses undermine productive practice. There are two fundamental issues with prepping through Khan Academy: (1) Screens are not paper. This statement is obvious in the abstract but tends to get left behind when digital proponents enthusiastically speak of increasing accessibility. Its important to remember that answering questions on a computer is a very different kinesthetic experience from answering questions on paper with a pencil, and both modes require different strategies. You probably wouldnt practice tennis on a clay court in order to compete on a grass one just as you wouldnt type an essay to practice penmanship. Its practically axiomatic that students should practice the way theyll play. (2) Competency levels can be deceiving. Because Khan Academy divides skills into four levels, it risks giving students a false sense of mastery of the exam. A student could, for instance, understand a comma splice and even identify and fix it during a drill section on combining sentences, thereby earning the highest level of competency. Having mastered that rule, the student sets it aside. In a live test, however, the student could very well miss it because the greater context or time pressure proves distracting. It happens all the time. Focusing on passage content oversimplifies the reading task. You may remember that Khan Academy began in 2006 as a series of YouTube videos in which Sal Khan tutored his cousin in math. It grew into a site with mini-lectures on mostly math and then some science topics; only more recently has it begun to tackle other fields. I would not be the first to offer a critique of how Khan teaches math, but I would suggest that Khan Academys limited experience with the humanities becomes apparent when we analyze the organization of SAT reading and writing practice. For the sake of brevity, Ill ignore the fact that as of this writing nearly one-third of the writing question types are missing from the drill sets (all of the development and organization questions), and will instead focus on the reading section. The Khan site organizes reading skills by passage genres: science, literature, history, and social science. The assumption is that if a student has a weakness, it will be with a kind of passage rather than a kind of question or kind of comprehension task. In my ten years of working with students, Ive come to believe that helping a student learn how to employ comprehension skills across passage types – e.g. defining the authors argument, decoding the meaning of words in context, identifying the implication of a claim – is more important than exposing a student to particular genres. Appreciating a passages content matters less than thinking critically about what a multiple-choice question is asking and how the answers are worded to distract or confuse a reader. Most students understand and can summarize a passage in their own words better than they think they can; its the questions and answer choices that lead to their confusion. Upon answering a question incorrectly, a student should either be given an explanation, or preferably be asked questions that allow him to figure out where he went wrong. But the explanations offered on Khans site are just as general and unhelpful as the generic classification system. They fail to diagnose where a student has made a comprehension error. They assert rather than illuminate. The kind of granular analysis and personal feedback that could help a student recognize actual weaknesses is currently missing from the reading practice. By structuring its reading practice by genre and offering little ancillary support, Khan Academy reinforces the notion that some students are simply bad at comprehending certain subjects. Khans videos model inconsistency. For the sake of argument, lets accept Khans approach and say that a student consistently struggles to understand science passages. He or she could turn to the How-to videos (one passage per genre) presented alongside the practice sets. Unfortunately, these videos fail to offer actionable strategies for breaking down the passage and answering the questions; students simply observe Sal Khan reading the passage and then answering the questions out loud. Everything about his approach is unconscious and inconsistent – the two qualities any qualified tutor would attempt to eliminate from a students process. As one of many possible examples, Khan underlines portions of the science passage but never talks about when or why a student might want to underline or how that underlining might be used later. He simply repeats phrases like this is really interesting. By the time he reaches later passages, hes dropped underlining altogether, implying that its not an important strategy after all . The videos in which he answers questions arent much better. Once again, his approach is inconsistent: sometimes he uses process of elimination and sometimes he jumps to the right answer. He frequently says things like well, no, this doesnt make sense without further explanation. He rarely returns to the passage to justify an answer (which is ironic given the College Boards emphasis on evidence-based reading skills), relying instead on his memory of the passage. Indeed, he exhibits many of the habits of smart students whose scores hit a ceiling because of careless errors. As models, Khans videos are not only problematic, but are also based on an assumption that viewing a display of skill is equivalent to gaining that skill. Khan Academy is like learning to play golf by watching Tiger Woods and then going to a driving range. Most people will get frustrated when their swings are ineffective. Most people need an experienced golfer to watch their swing closely and offer some tips and tweaks. The personalization offered by Khan Academy is less like a golfing lesson and more like a list that tells you to practice ten swings with your 5-iron, ten with your 9-iron, and ten with your driver. Its a drill, sure, but its just as likely to entrench bad habits as it is to help improve your game. Learning skills requires more than technology. The College Boards current slogan for its partnership with Khan – Skills Arent Bought. Theyre learned. – pushes back against the longstanding (albeit mistaken) perception that students can beat the test by spending lots of money to learn a few tricks. But as weve written about before, effective test prep is not about tricks. High quality tutoring is about identifying gaps in knowledge and helping students not only review what theyve learned in school, but also develop test-taking skills. While Khan Academys free practice is better than no practice, its unlikely that even extensive technology-guided practice will prove more beneficial than the focused guidance of a high-quality teacher or tutor assigning regular timed drills and practice tests. Most students succeed when an expert asks the right questions, listens to their responses, and adjusts lessons accordingly. Education technology is improving rapidly, but computers are still a long way from replacing educators.

Extended Definition Victory - 881 Words

Everyone has the desire to win. The feeling of victory, whether competitively in a sport s contest or personally, makes one feel like they are at the top of the world and cannot be taken down. According to the Webster s New World Dictionary, victory is described as, â€Å"the winning of a battle, war, or any struggle† (658). The word victory is commonly used when talking about sports. Those who are striving to win play these sports, and personally, the taste of victory after a win is an incredible feeling of abundant pride. When talking about professionals or a team composed of young kids playing the sports they love, there is always the need to win to motivate a team. Whenever I step onto a basketball court and play the game, I always have†¦show more content†¦Personal struggles are an experience that everyone has gone through. Overcoming adversity is also a victory in its own right. For example, a drug addict trying to overcome a drug addiction. It takes a lot of work to overcome a drug addiction. An addict must go through rehab and fight the symptoms of withdrawal to stay clean to finally feel the victory of being free from drugs. Another example of overcoming adversity is going through the loss of a loved one. One must go through the five stages of mourning: denial and isolation, anger, barg aining, depression, and finally acceptance. Coping with a loss is ultimately a deeply personal and singular experience. Nobody can help an individual go through it more easily or understand all the emotions that they are going through. But others can be there to help and comfort them through this process. Of course the loss of a loved one does not equal a victory but overcoming these stages and making it to acceptance is a moral victory that one has achieved by overcoming adversity and a personal struggle with themselves. In the world today, every human has his or her own perspective about victory. It has a universal definition that could be considered bad or good. For instance, an individual could possibly have an ambition they would like to pursue with their life. Their long-term goal is to make someone happy as their significant other and raise a beautiful family or making history by making an invention that has never beenShow MoreRelatedWorld Wars : The Seven Years War1695 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout the course of mankind, wars were raged on different continents. During this extended period of time, roughly four thousand years, there have been two wars labeled as â€Å"World Wars.† However, with research and expanded knowledge, there should at least be three â€Å"world wars,† and have the names altered to fit the criteria of such. This added war is known as: The Seven Years War. 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PutRead MoreAwake of the Civil War781 Words   |  4 PagesIn the wake of the Civil War, Congress acceded to pressure to have the federal government intercede to secure African Americans rights.   What were some of the long-range effects of that government posture? The Union Victory in the Civil War in 1865 granted freedom to approximately 4 million slaves, however, the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period 1865-1877 brought a lot of challenges. In 1865 and 1866 under the supervision of President Andrew Johnson, new SouthernRead MoreThe Church Is A Place For Healing932 Words   |  4 Pagestime. You just praise me and work on your own heart.† (p. 19) Facing tough painful issues and overcoming them with God’s help is the road to victory. The author on page 21 has a checklist of ten items when faced with difficult and painful circumstances. He has found this cuts the self-pity time down dramatically. 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Conjugating the Regular French Verb Choisir (to Choose)

Choisir, to choose, pick, decide, is conjugated as a regular French  -ir  verb. Regular verbs share conjugation patterns in person, number, tense and mood. Verbs with infinitives that end in  -ir  are the second largest category of regular French verbs, after French verbs ending in  -er. Generally speaking, there are five main kinds of  verbs in French: regular  -ir, -er, -re,  stem-changing and  irregular. Once youve learned the rules of conjugation for regular verbs, you should have no problem conjugating them, and this holds true for the regular  -ir  verb  choisir. Conjugating Regular French -ir Verbs To conjugate choisir and all other regular  -ir  verbs, remove the infinitive ending (-ir)  to find the stem (also called the radical), then add the appropriate simple conjugation ending/s shown in the table below. Note that the conjugation table below does not include  the  compound tenses, which consist of  a form of the auxiliary verb  and  the past participle.  Choisir  normally requires the auxiliary verb  avoir  in  compound tenses and moods. For example:  Jai choisi deux là ©gumes verts. I picked two green vegetables.   Other Regular French -ir Verbs Here are just a few of the most common regular  -ir  verbs. Remember, they all have regular conjugations, meaning they all follow the same conjugation patterns, which are those shown in the table. Simply take off the infinitives  -ir  ending and add the appropriate conjugated ending to the stem  in each instance. abolir   to abolishagir  Ã‚  to actavertir  Ã‚  to warnbà ¢tir  Ã‚  to buildbà ©nir  Ã‚  to blesschoisir  Ã‚  to chooseà ©tablir  Ã‚  to establishà ©tourdir  Ã‚  to stun, deafen, make dizzyfinir  Ã‚  to finishgrossir  Ã‚  to gain weight, get fatguà ©rir  Ã‚  to cure, heal, recovermaigrir  Ã‚  to lose weight, get thinnourrir  Ã‚  to feed, nourishobà ©ir  Ã‚  to obeypunir  Ã‚  to punishrà ©flà ©chir  Ã‚  to reflect, thinkremplir  Ã‚  to to fillrà ©ussir   to succeedrougir  Ã‚  to blush, turn redvieillir  Ã‚  to grow old Choisir: Uses and Expressions Choisis ce que tu veux.  Ã‚  Take your pick.Choisis lun ou lautre.   Choose one or the other.Tu as choisi ton moment  ! You picked a swell time!bien / mal choisir   to choose carefully / badlyElle a choisi de rester. She decided to stay.Je nai pas choisi.  Cest arrivà © comme à §a. It wasnt my decision; it just happened.  Il a toujours choisi la solution de facilità ©. He always chose the easy way / solution. Simple Conjugations of the French Regular -ir Verb Choisir Present Future Imperfect Present participle je choisis choisirai choisissais choisissant tu choisis choisiras choisissais il choisit choisira choisissait nous choisissons choisirons choisissions vous choisissez choisirez choisissiez ils choisissent choisiront choisissaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle choisi Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je choisisse choisirais choisis choisisse tu choisisses choisirais choisis choisisses il choisisse choisirait choisit choist nous choisissions choisirions choismes choisissions vous choisissiez choisiriez choistes choisissiez ils choisissent choisiraient choisirent choisissent Imperative (tu) choisis (nous) choisissons (vous) choisissez

Important Female Artists of the Surrealist Movement

Founded in 1924 by writer and poet Andrà © Breton, the Surrealist group was comprised of artists whom Breton had handpicked. However, the movements ideas, which focused on exposing the subconscious through exercises like automatic drawing, were not contained to the select few whom Breton capriciously favored or shunned. Its influence was worldwide and found its strongest outposts in Mexico, the United States, Europe, and Northern Africa. Due to Surrealism’s reputation as a male discipline, female artists are often written out of its story. Yet the work of these five female artists upends the traditional narrative about Surrealism’s focus on objectifying the female body, and their participation in the movement is testament to the fact that the Surrealist ethos was more expansive than art history has previously assumed. Leonor Fini Leonor Fini was born in Argentina in 1907, but she spent her youth in Trieste, Italy after her mother fled an unhappy marriage to Fini’s father. As an adult, Fini became well-acquainted with the Surrealist group in Paris, befriending figures such as Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning. Her work was exhibited in MoMA’s seminal 1937 â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† show. Fini was taken by the idea of the androgyne, with which she identified. Her lifestyle was in keeping with her unconventional approach to gender, as she lived in a menage-à  -trois with two men for over forty years. She spent summers in a rundown castle on Corsica, where she gave elaborate costume parties, for which her guests would plan for months. Leonor Fini with one of her paintings. Francis Apesteguy/Getty Images Finis work often featured female protagonists in positions of dominance. She illustrated erotic fiction and designed costumes for her friends’ plays. She would also design her own costumes for social events. Her often over-the-top self image was photographed by some of the era’s most well known photographers, including Carl van Vechten. Perhaps Fini’s greatest commercial success was in designing the perfume bottle for Elsa Schiaparellis â€Å"Shocking† perfume. The bottle was made to look like the naked torso of a woman; the design has been mimicked for decades. Dorothea Tanning Dorothea Tanning was born in 1911 and grew up in Galesburg, Illinois, the daughter of Swedish immigrants. Stifled by a strict childhood, the young Tanning escaped into literature, becoming acquainted with the world of European arts and letters through books. Confident that she was destined to become an artist, Tanning dropped out of the Art Institute of Chicago in favor of living in New York. MoMA’s 1937 â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† cemented her commitment to Surrealism. It was not until years later that she became close to some of its key characters, when many moved to New York to escape the growing hostility in Europe due to the Second World War. Portrait of Dorothea Tanning, 1955.   Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images When visiting Tanning’s studio on behalf of his wife Peggy Guggenheim’s â€Å"Art of this Century† Gallery, Max Ernst met Tanning and was impressed with her work. They became fast friends, and eventually married in 1946, after Ernst had divorced Guggenheim. The couple moved to Sedona, Arizona and lived among a cohort of fellow Surrealists. Tanning’s output was varied, as her career spanned around eighty years. Although she is perhaps best known for her paintings, Tanning also turned to costume design, sculpture, prose, and poetry. She has a large body of work consisting of plush humanoid sculptures, which she was known to use in installations throughout the 1970s. She died in 2012 at age 101. Leonora Carrington Leonora Carrington was born in the United Kingdom in 1917. She briefly attended the Chelsea School of Art, then transferred to Londons Ozenfant Academy of Fine Arts. She met Max Ernst in her early twenties and soon moved with him to the south of France. Ernst was arrested by the French authorities for being a hostile alien and later by the Nazis for producing degenerate art. Carrington suffered a nervous breakdown and was hospitalized at an asylum in Spain. Her only means of escape was to marry, so she married a Mexican diplomat and left for the United States, where she was reunited with many of the Surrealists in exile in New York. She soon moved to Mexico, where she helped to found the Womens Liberation Movement and ultimately spent the rest of her life. Carringtons work centers on symbols of mysticism and sorcery, and often deals with significant recurring images. Carrington also wrote fiction, including The Hearing Trumpet (1976), for which she is best known. Sculpture by Leonora Carrington in Mexico City.    Meret Oppenheim Swiss artist Meret Oppenheim was born in Berlin in 1913. At the outbreak of the First World War, her family moved to Switzerland, where she began to study art before moving to Paris. It was in Paris that she became acquainted with the Surrealist circle. She knew Andrà © Breton, was briefly romantically involved with Max Ernst, and modeled for Man Ray’s photographs. Oppenheim was best known for her assemblage sculpture, which brought together disparate found objects in order to make a point. She is most famous for her Dà ©jeuner en Fourrure also called Objet, a teacup lined in fur, which was exhibited at MoMA’s â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† and was reportedly the first addition to the collection of the Museum of Modern Art by a woman. Objet became an icon of the Surrealist movement, and though it is responsible for Oppenheim’s fame, its success has often overshadowed her other extensive work, which includes painting, sculpture, and jewelry. Though she was crippled by the early success of Objet, Oppenheim began to work again in the 1950s, after several decades. Her work ËÅ"has been the subject of numerous retrospectives around the world. Often addressing themes of female sexuality, Oppenheim’s work remains an important touchstone for understanding Surrealism as a whole. Dora Maar Dora Maar was a French Surrealist photographer. She is perhaps most famous for her photograph Pà ¨re Ubu, a closeup of an armadillo, which became an iconic image for Surrealism after it was exhibited at the International Surrealist Exhibition in London. Maars career has been overshadowed by her relationship with Pablo Picasso, who used her as muse and model for many of his paintings (most notably his â€Å"Weeping Woman† series). Picasso convinced Maar to close her photography studio, which effectively ended her career, as she was unable to revive her former reputation. However, a significant retrospective of Maars work will open at the Tate Modern in the fall of 2019. Photographs by Dora Maar of her lover, Pablo Picasso.   Getty Images Sources Alexandrian S.  Surrealist Art. London: Thames Hudson; 2007.Blumberg N. Meret Oppenheim. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Meret-Oppenheim.Crawford A. A Look Back at the Artist Dora Maar. Smithsonian. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/pro_art_article-180968395/. Published 2018.Leonora Carrington: National Museum of Women in the Arts. Nmwa.org. https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/leonora-carrington.Meret Oppenheim: National Museum of Women in the Arts. Nmwa.org. https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/meret-oppenheim.

The 66th Oscar For Best Film - 1181 Words

Abstract Schindler s List as the 66th Oscar for best film, adapted from the Australian novelist Thomas †¢ Kennelly’s book Schindler s List,†. The movie truly represent of the German entrepreneur Oscar †¢ Schindler during World War II, through various ways exhaust all his property saved more than 1,200 Jews from the rue story of fascist s killings. The story plots are authentic and make audience really touched. Hereinto the music using, shape and use of the lens and Oscar ·Schindler s character image-building are the three aspects I most admire. Introduction Oscar Schindler, from April 28, 1908 to October 9, 1974, is a German, as well as a successful businessman. He saved the Jews by the use of some mistakes of the German war economy organization. Using the German war, lure the Jews investment, than hire cheap Jews to work for him and in this age of full of killing and smoke and make a fortune of money. At the same time he has protected about 1,200 Jews, about half of Poland survived Jews. Schindler is â€Å"small John rabe†. In 1958, Jerusalem’s holocaust memorial announced Schindler as he righteous national people and invited him to plant trees in The Righteous National People Congress. On October 9, 1974, Schindler dead. He was interred at hometown by a Catholicism way and every year there are many respects of his surviving Jews and their offspring to his soul. Body At the start of the movie, an ordinary Jewish family is singing the Choral in a low voice, weak

Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Girls Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Reappraisal of literature is a systemic hunt of a published work to derive information about a research subject ( Polit and Hungler, 2011 ) . Conducting a reappraisal of literature is disputing and an informative experience. The reappraisal of literature was based on extended study of books, diaries, and international nursing indicates. We will write a custom essay sample on Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Girls Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A reappraisal of literature relevant to the survey was under taken which helped the research worker to develop deep into the job and addition information on what has been in the yesteryear. An extended reappraisal of literature was done by the research worker to put a wide foundation for the survey. For the intent of logical sequence the chapter was divided in two parts. 2.1 Part I: Reviews related to generative wellness among adolescent misss. 2.2 PART II: Reviews related to effectivity of stripling to adolescent attack on generative wellness. 2.1 Part I: Reviews related to generative wellness among adolescent misss. Mc Call-hosenfeld JS et al. , ( 2012 ) conducted an experimental survey in Pennsylvania ; they investigated the impact of single on adult females ‘s are reception of a comprehensive panel of preventative services in a part that includes both urban and rural communities. Outcome variables were a showing and inoculation index blood force per unit area, lipid panel, sexually familial infections or single degree variables includes predisposing factors, enabling and need – based steps. The research worker found that overall usage of preventative services, were low single variableness in adult females ‘s reception of guidance services is mostly explained by psychological factors and seeing an gynaecologist. . Fengy et al. , ( 2012 ) conducted a cross sectional study of 17,016 adolescent misss and immature aged 15-24 year old in both rural and urban Asiatic citations, China, through interview and computing machine assisted self interview for sensitive inquiries. To place the forecasters perceptual experience of homosexualism. The 40 % of stripling and immature grownups who hold a positive position of homosexualism for both males and females. Preferred beginning of films, pictures, self identified sexual orientation, sexual and generative wellness cognition, household values, gender function and attitude towards prenuptial sex. The most common and of import forecasters for a respondent ‘s perceptual experience of homosexualism were his/her cognition of sexual and generative wellness. Shelia G et al. , ( 2012 ) conducted a experimental survey sing characteristics of physical and sexual development of generative behaviour among adolescent misss at Russia. In this appraisal the adolescent generative behaviour designation and the factors impacting was made in female striplings age 14-19yr [ randomly formed via uninterrupted choice ] information of the province of their wellness their attitudes towards kid bearing and their hazardous wonts have been evaluated. High frequence of catamenial abnormalities, 24.7 % delayed formation of the bone pelvic girdle, 25.2 % the prevalence of chronic external genital diseases were found. Iliyasuz et al. , ( 2012 ) conducted a qualitative survey sing sexual and generative wellness communicating between female parents and their stripling girls in North India Assam. The research worker employed structured interviews and groups to look into generative wellness communicating patterns among 108 female parents and girls transcript were analyzed utilizing the grounded theory attack.A sum of 136 female parent reported discoursing generative issues with their girls. The bulk of girls get generative wellness instruction from their female parents ; parents were more likely to discourse matrimony, menses, prenuptial sex, STI infections and sex instruction demand to be empowered with cognition and accomplishments to better the range and quality of place -based generative wellness instruction. Palke VD et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a survey sing impact of sex instruction on cognition and attitude of adolescent school kids in Bihar. Reproductive capableness is now in earlier age, but the topic of adolescent gender in most societies, there is a broad spread ignorance about hazards are unprotected sex jobs among adolescent misss. Unfortunately demand of sex instruction is non perceived and fulfilled in India particularly in rural countries. The present survey was conducted to measure the demand and show the impact of sex instruction among adolescent school kids, by analysing pre and station intercession questionnaire and there was a important addition in cognition about gender, catamenial hygiene. Sexually familial disease, it has important impact on cognition of adolescent school kids. Ezekwere et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a survey sing sex instruction, sex information, sex patterns, among adolescent misss in Nigeria. A entire 304 misss selected by multi-stage sampling technique studied primary and subsequent beginnings of gender information, chiefly the by the media, equals, households and schools, found that largely they were non involved in proviso of early sexual induction and un protected sex was common among them. The survey highlights the demand to make a consciousness at earlier phase of adolescent period sexual instruction of adolescent misss through parents and instructors had to be initiated. Wong LP et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a big cross sectional survey sing attitude towards dysmenorrheal impact and intervention seeking, among 1,295 adolescent misss ( 13-19 year ) from 16 public secondary schools in rural territories of Malaysia. Dysmenorrhea was reported in 76.0 % of the participants multivariate analysis shows that being in upper secondary degrees was the strongest forecaster for hapless concentration, absenteeism and hapless school class due to dysmenorrheal is a normal rhythm and merely 14.8 % sought medical intervention, instruction should be extended to parents and school equal leaders to turn to the generative wellness demands of striplings. Lazarus JV et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a quasi experimental survey sing generative wellness consciousness programme to measure the cognition, attitude and behaviour. Generative wellness informations was collected from the pupils aged ( 11 – 16 year ) by utilizing a image and group treatment. In entire 313 questionnaire has distributed, and the mean mark in the pretest cognition was 5.9 and 6.8 in station trial mark was p ( 0.003 ) , which increased significantly t=4.5, p=0.000. The attitude average mark in pre trial was 4.3 in station trial was 6.8 which shows the increased important. The average behaviour pretest mark which showed a important P =0.019. Hence the intercession significantly improved the adolescent generative wellness cognition A ; attitude. BiscoFreudenthal J et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a survey sing making community consciousness of generative piece of land infections including STD infections. The purpose of this survey was therefore to research people perception intervention seeking behaviour and apprehension of information about RTI/STD. Qualitative contact analysis was employed for the information analysis. The major findings was that the most common intervention seeking behaviour was taking self medicine. Shyness of venereal scrutiny, negative attitudes towards dirty diseases. The chief media beginnings of RTI/STI information were wireless, Television and other entree to wellness information was more hard. Health instruction messages should be more accessible in rural countries. Van Rossem et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted the study to measure the range and impact of societal selling and generative wellness communicating runs ( selected wireless and telecasting plans ) sing household planning and HIV/AIDS in Zambia. The consequences evidenced that the generative wellness and societal selling Campaigns in Zambia reached a big part of the population and had a important impact. The consequences suggested that future generative wellness communicating runs that invest in wireless scheduling may be more effectual than those puting in telecasting scheduling and future runs should seek to increase their impact among adult females. Portillo et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a cross sectional survey sing sexual and generative wellness among adolescent misss at High school in Spanish. The survey focused to find the extent of information about forestalling sexually transmitted diseases, cognition and usage of prophylactic methods. It includes 641 pupils who agreed to finish the questionnaire by school. 84.5 % pupils know at least one preventive method 84 % , It is necessary to set up or beef up information programme on sexual wellness for stripling. Fehr KR et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a survey to measure the cognition and usage of Folic acid in adult females of generative age Folic acid reduces the hazard of nervous tubing defects 50 % , adult females of generative age group should be cognizant of the importance of the folic acid and nervous tubing defects. They used footings such as Folic acid cognition and Folic acid awareness to seek articles published, adult females were although cognition degrees were associated with instruction and wellness attention professional ‘s magazines and intelligence documents, wireless, Television, as common beginnings of information, and this cognition will let them to do informed determinations about Folic acid among adult females. Mc Call JS et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a survey sing preventative guidance among generative aged adult females. Preventive wellness intercession frequently occur less often among rural adult females compared to urban is an of import characteristic of comprehensive preventative wellness attention commissariats.Data were collected by telephone study during 2004-2005 participants aged 18-45 year in the cardinal Pennsylvanias. The survey assessed the independent part of reding for smoke, intoxicant, drug usage, birth control, nutrition, physical activity. Most adult females do non have recommended preventative guidance, while rural adult females are less likely than urban adult females to have reding educating rural wellness attention suppliers about the demand for preventative guidance. Jousha et al. , ( 2011 ) narrated on rubber dialogue and experience among sexually active immature adult females in New south Waless, Austraila by utilizing feminist narrative attack. Ten adult females ‘s narratives were collected via on-line interviews. The findings revealed that none of the adult females initiated or negotiated usage of the male rubber publicity relies on the r4coginition of the gender factors that impede immature adult females ‘s rubber dialogue and usage. Schemes that overcome gender kineticss and empower adult females to negociate rubber usage have the ability to advance rubber usage among this group. Lawan et al. , ( 2010 ) conducted a survey sing menses and catamenial hygiene among adolescent misss in Gujarat.This survey examined the cognition and patterns of adolescent school in around menses and catamenial hygiene.Data was collected quantitatively and analyzed utilizing pre experimental survey, the survey findings showed that bulk had just cognition of menses, although deficient in specific cognition countries, most of them used healthful tablets as absorbent during their last menstruations, changed catamenial dressings about 1-5 times per twenty-four hours and bettering entree of the stripling to reproductive wellness demands. Sivagami, et al. , ( 2010 ) conducted a qualitative survey on community perceptual experience and intervention seeking behavior sing generative piece of land infections including sexually transmitted infections in Lao by utilizing 14 focal point group treatment and 20 in depth interviews. It held among 76 adult females and 56 work forces. The major determination was that both male and female participants had a assortment of misconceptions about the causes and symptoms of RTI/STIs and their remedy and a reluctance to seek wellness attention. The chief grounds for non traveling to wellness installations were fright of societal favoritism or shyness. They suggested beef uping wellness instruction and publicity through intercessions at the community degree to better the quality of RTI/STI direction. Minto et al. , ( 2010 ) reviewed the efficaciousness of HIV/STI behavioural intercession and identified factors associated with intercession efficaciousness for American African females in the United provinces by utilizing meta- analysis from 37 relevant surveies. The consequences showed that behavioural intercession had a important impact on decrease in HIV/STI hazard sex behavioral. They concluded as behavioural intercessions were efficacious in forestalling HIV and STIs among African American females. They suggested that carry oning more research to analyze the possible part of bar schemes that attend to community degree and to better communicating between RTI/STI patients and clinicians. Thakor HG et al. , ( 2010 ) conducted a STIs prevalence survey on cognition and patterns related to STIs and HIV among 125 sex workers in an urban country of Gujarat, India. 85-90 % were cognizant about assorted symptoms / diseases transmitted by insecure sexual pattern in male and female. 23.4 % took intervention from wellness worker for such jobs ; 87.9 % were cognizant that consistent usage of rubber could protect them from HIV infections and 2.6 % reported for non intervention of STD.58 % were non cognizant about behavoural alterations needed to cut down the hazard. 2.2 PART II: Review related to effectivity of stripling to adolescent attack on generative wellness. Denison JA et al. , ( 2012 ) conducted a quasi experimental survey on equal instruction make a difference an rating of HIV bar in youth-led theoretical account trained voluntaries equal pedagogues age ( 18-25 year ) in school, to learn HIV bar and Reproductive wellness. This rating programme effects on pupils HIV cognition, attitude and behaviours of adolescent misss by utilizing a non randomized quasi experimental design among 2133 pupils had significantly higher degrees of cognition sing HIV P lt ; 0.001 and Reproductive wellness P lt ; .001 more positive attitude towards the Reproductive wellness and HIV.The young person led or peer pedagogue theoretical account is associated with increased HIV and Reproductive wellness cognition and ego 0kanlawon FA et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a survey to measure the effectivity of equal instruction in a secondary school sing generative wellness among adolescent misss in Karnataka. The survey employed pre and station trial intercession quasi experimental design, The experimental group was the adolescence misss to give equal instruction programme for 6 months pre and station trial informations in the experimental and control groups were compared and analyzed. The cognition of generative wellness issues was p lt ; 0.5. Hence the intercession significantly improved the adolescent generative wellness cognition efficaciousness and sexual hazard taking behaviours. Drummond P et al. , ( 2011 ) conducted a survey by utilizing peer instruction to increase the sexual wellness cognition among West African refugees in Western Australia. Ten bilingual west African equal pedagogues conducted a 3 hours workshop on sexual wellness for little groups of western African refugees ( n = 58 ) who late settled in Perth, western Australia.There were important additions in the participants knowledge on sexually transmitted infections and HIV, their spread and the steps to protect against infection. They Concluded that the equal instruction attack was successful in helping new and emerging community to work efficaciously on sexual wellness subjects by and large considered as ‘taboos ‘ or excessively sensitive to discourse. Stephenson. J et al. , ( 2010 ) assessed the effectivity of school-based peer-led sex instruction among 9,000 students aged 13-14 old ages at England. Schools were randomized to either peer-led sex instruction ( intercession ) or to go on their usual teacher-led sex instruction ( control ) . Peer pedagogues, aged 16-17 old ages, were trained to present three 1-hour schoolroom Sessionss of sex instruction to 13- to 14 old ages old students from the same schools. The survey findings concluded that compared with conventional school sex instruction at age 13-14 old ages, this signifier of peer-led sex instruction was really effectual associated with alteration in teenage STDs, it merits consideration within broader teenage STDs bar schemes. How to cite Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Girls Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Southern Italian Renaissance vs. Northern Essay Example For Students

Southern Italian Renaissance vs. Northern Essay Developing Europe into a powerhouse, the Renaissance marked complete cultural transition of Europe out of the Middle Ages and identified a societal change of values and ideas reflected in the art and literature of the time period; the rebirth in Southern Europe, however, differed from Northern Europe. As both the North and South had access to newly printed materials courtesy the printing press, they did share commonality of thought- both supplied predominant Christian artistic themes, had an artistic center, and provided systems of guilds and patrons. The Southern, or Italian, Renaissance began during the 14th century and inevitably, trade and commerce brought Italian ideas northward, where they influenced the artistic traditions beginning the 16th century Northern Renaissance (Benton and Danni 53). The South focused on a return to the concept of humanism and revival of idealist, classic Greek and Roman values, but the North focused on the common man and daily realities of life. Centered around Florence then later Rome, aided by the patronage of the Medici family in the Early Renaissance and Popes in the High Renaissance, and inspired by Greek and Roman mythology, the Southern Renaissance movement emphasized humans (their capacities, values and worth). Italian artists made the viewer delve into the inner working of the human mind and their subject matter primarily consisted of gods and goddesses displayed with symmetry, balance, and linear perspective. Known for his goddess depiction, elegant use of flowing lines, pictorial space, and antique revival of the nude prohibited in the Middle Ages, was master of line Sandra Poetical with his The Birth of Venus ampere (Benton and Dining 16). In his painting commissioned by the Medics, Poetical equates Venus with Chrisms mother Mary and her birth with that of the human soul- signifying the importance of religion but not making it the only priority. Italian trade in republics gave rise to a wealthy merchant class fond of funding art that not only mixed classicism and Christianity, but elaborated and detailed wealthy and powerful people, especially Popes who were king-like figures in society. This Italian social change and rise in humanism led a shift in power to Rome and Italian artists to consider scientific principles behind individual composition such as proportion, anatomy, and perspective. For instance, Renaissance Man Leonardo Greg 2 Dad Vines oil paintings The Last Supper consisted of accurate anatomical proportions, even balance, and linear perspective. Dad Vines work also reflected interest in beauty in nature, mirroring interest in the natural, common man in artwork of Northern Renaissance. Dad Vines Mona Lisa consisted of chiaroscuro and sabot techniques to showcase the sitters subtle, individual personality and high forehead to indicate noble standing. Repeals fresco School of Athens, commissioned by Pope Julius II, exemplifies the Renaissance humanists quest for classical learning and truth with a Roman bath setting (Benton and Dining 21). New emphasis on anatomy also led to glorious marble statuary and reflection of beauty in viewer to look up at the masterpiece from a lower level, David is nude in a classic contrasts pose universally representing every individuals confrontation with conflict. Italian artists giving the subjects a sense of mass and volume by using knowledge of the human fugue allowed for more realistic art with shadows and action. Italian writers and philosophers were also driven to study Classical antiquity and explore mans capacity for rationality. Pico Della Monorails Oration on Dignity of Man exhibits the Italian Renaissance fascination with mankind by relaying creation of human beings as divine, that humans are special if God made them because he wouldnt create them to fail. .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb , .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb .postImageUrl , .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb , .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb:hover , .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb:visited , .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb:active { border:0!important; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb:active , .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e12587f4c2dda489f821380b44267fb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Struggle For Power Renaissance And Protestant Reformation Enduring Issue EssayHe stresses that mankind is not sinful, rather all humans are special and possess the free will and the capability to be united with God. Balderdash Castigation further demonstrates the Italian humanist radiation and celebrates and idealizes life in court characterizing the courtier ideal Renaissance man in the Book of Courtier as learned in classic culture, courageous, witty, and chivalrous (Benton and Danni 29). The Southern Renaissance influenced a cultural movement in Europe outside of Italy in the early 1 sasss. Centered around Ghent then later Brutes and Eastern Europe, aided by the patronage of the Burgundies Dukes in the Early Renaissance and Hapsburg in the High Renaissance, and inspired by realistic portrayal of the average mans life, the Northern Renaissance movement emphasized naturalism and living a pious, simple life. More genuine and more attached to Christian teachings of the church than art of Southern Renaissance movement, Northern European art turned its attention to portraits and domestic scenes fixated on the minute surface details and reflected belief in religious truth from nature. Court painter to the Duke of Burgundy, inventor of oil painting Van Check detailed the sacrifice of the mystic lamb, symbolized Jesus crucifixion, emphasized bright colors and individualized people of various time roods and body types in the polyphony Ghent Altarpiece. Further use of Greg 3 extreme detail, domestic interior, and religious symbolism is in Van Cocks Rainproof Wedding- a form of documentary nature and capturing the moment similar to that a photograph would. Using glazes to create light and depth of color in his painting, Van Check included Gods presence on Earth in ordinary everyday objects such as a mirror frame, chandelier, and bedpost (Benton and Danni 57). Different geophysical conditions than Italy contributed to an unhelpful environment for frescoes to dry, hence favor toward oil on wood panels. An allegorical idea of painting more than a perfect rendition as an Italian artist would, Hieronymus Busch showcased all prima technique in Hay Win where humans are all out for themselves in fighting for hay (a symbol for material possessions); Busch filled his triptych oil painting with commoners in mundane clothing revealing his concern with the moralistic import of his subjects (Benton and Danni 57). Additionally, Northern European works of art exposed a shift to emphasis on real lifestyles of people and landscape, as demonstrated in the works of Peter Burger the Elder. Rather than pinning interest on the people in the foreground, the natural landscape background in the genre painting Harvesters is the subject rather than the peasant laborers. Capturing a moment in the daily life of hospitable peasants, instead of classic mythology or aristocracy, Burger informally evokes the abundance of local landscape in a Peasant food of the Low Countries. Northern literature dealt strongly with naturalism and knowledge of the self and present rather than the past. Michael De Montages essay Of Cannibals criticizes his own western, European society as less civilized than Anabaptist South Americans, for they are closer to nature, living in the ideal state of humanity and portrait of Christian notion of the pure, simplistic society. Perfecting the natural, human complex states of mind and feeling in exuberant language rich with metaphor, was the greatest writer not only of the Northern Renaissance, but arguably of all time- William Shakespeare. One of his thirty-seven plays was Hamlet where the revenge filled and answer seeking main character Hamlets pensive soliloquies almost hold a mirror up to nature; Shakespeare shows the reader what Ewing human is and how it is natural for conflicting thoughts to arise from mans conscience. Maturing later than Italian art and literature, the Northern Renaissance highlighted naturalism. European rebirth of art and literature reflected a societal change of values and ideas different in the South and North. Although both had artistic hubs, patronage systems, and predominately Christian themes, Italian Renaissance revived humanism and classic Greek and Roman ideals while the Northern European Renaissance emphasized the natural reality and everyday life of the average man.

Technology Education, Software Piracy, and the L Essay Example For Students

Technology Education, Software Piracy, and the L Essay aw Exploratory Essays Research PapersEducation, Software Piracy, and the Law Abstract This paper is intended as a primer for copyright law in the form of a short story. An elementary school teacher illegitimately copies a piece of software for educational purposes and is discovered. Issues such as the fair use doctrine, copyright law, and cyberlaw are covered. The analytical section provides a realistic legal defense for the fictional situation that drives the paper. My name is Jason Lee and I teach 6th grade mathematics at Hightstown Middle School in Hightstown, New Jersey. I cant say I particularly enjoy my job, but I still give it my best. I do enjoy spending time with my students, and any occasion when we can all laugh together is a good one. Most students who pass through school here will go on to work at low-income jobs for the rest of their lives. The few students who do seem to have potential for a bright future rarely achieve one. About five years ago, our school received a number of outdated computers and a small grant to install Internet access from the nearby Armand Hammer Corporation. We converted a classroom downstairs into our first-ever computer laboratory, and the kids couldnt get enough. Very few of them had used a computer before, and of those, few actually owned one. Even today, a lot of kids know what a computer is but lack basic knowledge about its use. Six months ago, one of our outstanding students, Jake Meyers, told me that he wanted to make websites for a living. I was enamored, and decided to help him as best as I could. We spent our after school hours for the next month learning HTML together. Jakes first website was about Pokemon cards, one of his many passions. Jake and I made a page for each of his favorite characters, found pictures of them on the Internet, and posted the site to a free server. His next idea was to create original pictures depicting battles between the Pokemon, but because our district could not afford any drawing software, we were unable to do it. When Jake began to feel discouraged, I resolved to get my hands on a professional quality program. My wife, who is a secretary at an advertising firm, was able to get a copy of Adobe Illustrator for me. I installed the program on one of the lab computers, and Jake and I once again spent hours designing his imaginary Pokemon haven. Unfortunately, the action came back to haunt me when one of my colleagues, Maureen Shea, dropped in on one of our sessions about two months ago. She asked if the school had finally allocated enough money to start upgrading the lab. I responded that no, I had borrowed the software from my wife and installed it on one computer. I didnt think much of telling Maureen, but she took the event more seriously than I imagined. As part of the hiring process, teachers are required to report any legal transgressions they observe. If the event had been ignored, Maureen was equally liable for the infraction. Acting on this fear, she reported the illegitimate software to the School Board. Within a week, I received a letter requesting a period of voluntary leave while the Board could investigate. In my initial testimony before the seven members, I related the exact story recounted here. Though they did not disagree with my actions from a practical standpoint, they asked me to prepare a legal defense. Apparently, they were legally bound to report the incident to Adobe, and I was to research copyright law for a possible hearing with the company. All of a sudden, I had a new project to work on. I spent most of my days in front of a computer in the basement after school hours. As for Jake, I only saw him once over the next two weeks; it seemed like I had let him down. There was nothing I could do, because I could not help him without first helping myself. After only a few minutes of research, it was apparent that much of the case would focus on the Fair Use Doctrine, passed in 19765 as part of a major revision to copyright law. At that time, technological advances prompted Congress to revise standards dating from 19091. Punishment of Offenders Essay In my case, I created a single copy for educational purposes, which has already been established as legitimate for other media6. Other cases2 have showed that educators were generally only liable when actual economic damage occurs. I decided that I could address each section of the fair use doctrine separately to prove fair use. The first factor, purpose of copying, was undeniably educational. By the letter of the law10, such use leans towards legality. The website we had posted, the only use of the copied software, was not for profit. Also, Maureen Shea, who knew a lot about our project, could testify as to my purpose in copying the software. I was only attempting to teach Jake how to create a web page. The way in which copyright law applies to software (the nature of the work) has previously been discussed. No laws or previous cases could justify my actions on this count. I had copied a creative work in whole; that was certain. However, no precedent had ever been set for such an action in an educational environment. The most damaging factor was relevant to the amount of work I copied. Certainly, no one is denying that I copied the entire piece of software. But, there is no way I could use the program for educational purposes if I hadnt copied the entire program. I had no other choice but then to copy all of it, so perhaps the court would excuse my actions. What gave me the most hope was the fact that there was no loss of a market for Adobe. Neither Jake nor I could have afforded to pay for a $400 piece of software. If the school were to buy the program, it would disregard the single copy anyways, and install fresh on all of the computers. In fact, I may have potentially increased the market after experiencing the software, either Jake or I could conceivably purchase the software. Finally, a week ago, we were contacted by Adobe. In an official letter from their legal department, they asked that the software be deleted from the laboratory immediately. They also expressed no desire to press charges because of a lack of substantial damage to the company, and the school board accordingly dropped its investigation. Evidently, the legal fees required to pursue small-time offenders would outweigh any reparations ever ordered. I am again able to spend time with Jake, who has decided not to pursue his Pokemon battles for the time being. 1. Association of Research Libraries (2001). Timeline: A History of Copyright in the U. S. Retrieved November 15, 2001 from the WWW: http://arl.cni.org/info/frn/copy/timeline. html 2.Basic Books, Inc. v. Kinkos Graphics Corp. , 758 F.Supp. 1522 (S.D. N.Y. 1991) 3. DAmico M (1995). Fair Use Free Takings Retrieved November 15, 2001 from the WWW: http://lawcrawler.findlaw.com/MAD/mwfairuse.htm 4. Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corp. v. Crooks, 542 F.Supp. 1156 (W.D.N.Y. 1982) 5. Maricopa Community College (1997). Copyright Restrictions and the Fair Use Doctrine. Retrieved November 15, 2001 from the WWW: http://www. dist.maricopa.edu/legal/fairuse.html 6. NoLo Law for All (2001). Grading Teachers on Copyright Law Videotaping for the Classroom. Retrieved November 15, 2001 from the WWW: http://www.nolo. com/encyclopedia/articles/tc/nn72.html?r=00150047303202000 7. Stim R (2001). Copyright Law Changes That May Affect You Retrieved November 15, 2001 from the WWW: http://www. nolo.com/encyclopedia/articles/tc/legislation98.html 8. United States Code, Title 17, Chapter 1, Sec. 102. Subject matter of copyright: In general 9. United States Code, Title 17, Chapter 1, Sec. 106. Exclusive rights in copyrighted works 10. United States Code, Title 17, Chapter 1, Sec. 107. Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use 11. United States Code, Title 17, Chapter 1, Sec. 110. Limitations on exclusive rights: Exemption of certain performances and displays 12. United States Code, Title 17, Chapter 1, Sec. 117. Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs 13. University of Texas (1999). Permissible Copying of Software Retrieved November 15, 2001 from the WWW: http://www3.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/mono2.htm